The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms, to mean associative array or " abstract array ", a theoretical computer science model ( an abstract data type or ADT ) intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.

* Alternating Turing machine, model of computation used in theoretical computer science

The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda.

The propositional satisfiability problem ( PSAT ), which decides whether a given propositional formula is satisfiable, is of central importance in various areas of computer science, including theoretical computer science, algorithmics, artificial intelligence, hardware design, electronic design automation, and verification.

These connections shed the boundaries between combinatorics and parts of mathematics and theoretical computer science, but at the same time led to a partial fragmentation of the field.

Its subfields can be divided into practical techniques for its implementation and application in computer systems and purely theoretical areas.

Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of electrical engineering, telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering, since it relies upon the theoretical and practical application of these disciplines.

A variant of counting-out game, known as Josephus problem, represents a famous theoretical problem in mathematics and computer science.

Categories now appear in most branches of mathematics, some areas of theoretical computer science where they correspond to types, and mathematical physics where they can be used to describe vector spaces.

It uses the results of theoretical chemistry, incorporated into efficient computer programs, to calculate the structures and properties of molecules and solids.

The term theoretical chemistry may be defined as a mathematical description of chemistry, whereas computational chemistry is usually used when a mathematical method is sufficiently well developed that it can be automated for implementation on a computer.

In theoretical chemistry, chemists, physicists and mathematicians develop algorithms and computer programs to predict atomic and molecular properties and reaction paths for chemical reactions.

* Computational complexity theory, a field in theoretical computer science and mathematics

In mathematics, particularly theoretical computer science and mathematical logic, the computable numbers, also known as the recursive numbers or the computable reals, are the real numbers that can be computed to within any desired precision by a finite, terminating algorithm.

In theoretical computer science, a context-sensitive language is a formal language that can be defined by a context-sensitive grammar.

Computational complexity theory is a branch of the theory of computation in theoretical computer science and mathematics that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty, and relating those classes to each other.

Closely related fields in theoretical computer science are analysis of algorithms and computability theory.

A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction ( 1977 ) described a practical architectural system in a form that a theoretical mathematician or computer scientist might call a generative grammar.

In addition to fundamental contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science, Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the Computer Modern family of typefaces.

The basis for later theoretical computer science, in Alonzo Church and Alan Turing also grew directly out of this ' debate '.

Computational linguistics has theoretical and applied components, where theoretical computational linguistics takes up issues in theoretical linguistics and cognitive science, and applied computational linguistics focuses on the practical outcome of modelling human language use.

( Free Press, 1999 ), dense book with theoretical and political science approach.

Modern cartography is closely integrated with geographic information science ( GIScience ) and constitutes many theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems.

In the realm of science fiction, there have occasionally been forms of life proposed that, while often highly speculative and unsupported by rigorous theoretical examination, are nevertheless interesting and in some cases even plausible.

The need to break German codes in World War II led to advances in cryptography and theoretical computer science, with the first programmable digital electronic computer being developed at England's Bletchley Park.

Algorithm analysis is an important part of a broader computational complexity theory, which provides theoretical estimates for the resources needed by any algorithm which solves a given computational problem.

A few theoretical physicists have argued that classical physics is intrinsically incapable of explaining the holistic aspects of consciousness, but that quantum theory provides the missing ingredients.

The model provides a theoretical continuum along which process maturity can be developed incrementally from one level to the next.

Lambda calculus provides a theoretical framework for describing functions and their evaluation.

Quantum field theory ( QFT ) provides a theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of systems classically represented by an infinite number of degrees of freedom, that is, fields and ( in a condensed matter context ) many-body systems.

The structured program theorem provides the theoretical basis of structured programming.

* Strategy, including: Funding sources ( individuals, corporations, foundations, donors / governments, endowments, sales / events ) and business model ( independent research, contract work, advocacy ); The balance between research, consultancy, and advocacy ; The source of their arguments: Ideology, values or interests ; applied, empirical or synthesis research ; or theoretical or academic research ( Stephen Yeo ); The manner in which the research agenda is developed — by senior members of the think tank or by individual researchers, or by the think tank of their funders ; Their influencing approaches and tactics ( many researchers but an interesting one comes from Abelson ) and the time horizon for their strategies: long term and short term mobilisation ; Their various audiences of the think tanks ( audiences as consumers and public-this merits another blog ; soon ) ( again, many authors, but Zufeng provides a good framework for China ); and Affiliation, which refers to the issue of independence ( or autonomy ) but also includes think tanks with formal and informal links to political parties, interest groups and other political players.

Numerical modeling also provides new insights as observations and new discoveries are integrated into our physical understanding and then tested in computer simulations which validate new notions as well as produce entirely new theoretical findings, many of which are otherwise unattainable.

It provides the basis for work on the long-standing dream of the theoretical physicists, a " unified field theory ", encompassing also the strong force which binds together the atomic nucleus, and ultimately, gravity.

Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the engineering uses of fluid properties.

He provides brief overviews and examples of NSF's support of research in theoretical computer science, computer architecture, numerical methods, and software engineering, and the development of networking.

Rate – distortion theory is a major branch of information theory which provides the theoretical foundations for lossy data compression ; it addresses the problem of determining the minimal number of bits per symbol, as measured by the rate R, that should be communicated over a channel, so that the source ( input signal ) can be approximately reconstructed at the receiver ( output signal ) without exceeding a given distortion D.

Providing an education grounded in vocational calling, that provides students both the theoretical learning and the practical experience to succeed in a global, diverse world.

This has great use in compression theory as it provides a theoretical means for compressing data, allowing us to represent any sequence X < sup > n </ sup > using nH ( X ) bits on average, and, hence, justifying the use of entropy as a measure of information from a source.

Newton's method provides rapid convergence ; however, it requires the first partial derivative of the option's theoretical value with respect to volatility ; i. e.,, which is also known as vega ( see The Greeks ).

The correlation function is important for theoretical models of physical cosmology because it provides a means of testing models which assume different things about the contents of the universe.

PCM sampled at 24 bits provides a ( theoretical ) additional 24 dB of dynamic range.

While theoretical knowledge provides a foundation, the insights and skills developed through authentic practice can lead to more meaningful learning.

Cable theory provides the theoretical framework behind the most " simple " method for modelling the flow of electrical currents along passive neural fibres.

It addresses the fundamental theoretical questions regarding whether computational processes are capable of emulating the functional processes in the brain, and provides a theoretical basis for understanding how the machinery of the brain generates the processes of the mind.

Of these, the first two hypotheses have been recently mathematically examined to have identical calcium-dependent dynamics which provides strong theoretical evidence for a calcium-based model of plasticity, which in a linear model where the total number of receptors are conserved looks like

His 1973 text is viewed as marking a turning point in Hall's research, towards structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments Hall was exploring during his time at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.