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In which case, the externality is associated with the loss of status suffered by people whose stock of high-status ( positional ) goods is diminished, in relation to the stocks of other conspicuous consumers, as they increase their consumption of such goods and services ; effectively, status-seeking is a zero-sum game — by definition, the rise of one person in the social hierarchy can occur only at the expense of other people.
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which and case
An ammunition case stood open, containing canisters which contained powder cartridges.
Don't like to bother no one unless we have to, which I figger we do, in your case.
It may establish the relation of the figure of the dancer to light and color, in which case changes in the light or color will set off a kaleidescope of visual designs.
Our understanding of the solar system has taught us to replace our former elaborate rituals with the appropriate action which, in this case, amounts to doing nothing.
The novels and stories like Pohl's Drunkard's Walk ( 1960 ), with the focus on adventure and with the dystopian elements only a dim background -- in this case an uneasy, overpopulated world in which the mass of people do uninteresting routine jobs while a carefully selected, university-trained elite runs everything -- are in all likelihood as numerous as dystopias.
The Connally amendment says that the United States, rather than the court, shall determine whether a matter is essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of the United States in a case before the World Court to which the United States is a party.
Without comment he opened the closet and from its shelves constructed a highboard around the egg case which he had placed on the floor inside.
cause on-site inspections to be made of promising projects, domestic and foreign, and, in the case of projects located in the United States, cooperate and participate in their development in instances in which the purposes of this Act will be served thereby ; ;
In connection with any claim decided by the Commission pursuant to this Title in which an award is made, the Commission may, upon the written request of the claimant or any attorney heretofore or hereafter employed by such claimant, determine and apportion the just and reasonable attorney's fees for services rendered with respect to such claim, but the total amount of the fees so determined in any case shall not exceed 10 per centum of the total amount paid pursuant to the award.
in the case of a partnership or corporation, the existence of which has been terminated and on behalf of which an award is made, payment shall be made, except as provided in paragraphs ( 3 ) and ( 4 ), to the person or persons found by the Comptroller General of the United States to be entitled thereto ; ;
in the case of any assignment of an award, or any part thereof, which is made in writing and duly acknowledged and filed, after such award is certified to the Secretary of the Treasury, payment may, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Treasury, be made to the assignee, as his interest may appear.
On the basis of the findings which led to this conclusion, the Court remanded the case to the District Court to determine the appropriate relief.
In the case of taxpaying corporate stockholders, the measure would be the lesser of the fair market value of the shares or Du Pont's tax basis for them, which is approximately $2.09 per share.
By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.
However, in this case as elsewhere it was necessary to arrive at a single standard to be applied to all situations, representing an averaging of conditions, and thus to fix particular points in time which would be considered the dividing points between daytime and nighttime conditions.
The same restrictions apply after local sunset in the case of class 3, stations operating on regional channels, which after that time are required to operate under nighttime restrictions in order to protect each other.
If your computation on Form 1040 or Form 1040A shows you owe additional tax, it should be remitted with your return unless you owe less than $1, in which case it is forgiven.
But in the case of moving targets, and targets which have limited mobility, what will their location be when it is time to destroy them??
But if true, it was the case of which he had dreamed, the case which would throw him into headlines all over America as the hero of a great murder trial.
This can be justified thermodynamically in this case, and this will be done in a separate paper which is being prepared.
De Jager ( 1955 ) has calculated the times required for these particles to reach the atmosphere under the influence of the Poynting-Robertson effect, which in this case causes the orbits to become more and more eccentric without changing the semi-major axis.
which and externality
According to Ramaz, it is fit to be called Midrash haNe ' elam because " its topic is mostly the neshamah ( an upper level of soul ), the source of which is in Beri ' ah, which is the place of the upper Gan Eden ; and it is written in the Pardes that drash is in Beri ' ah ... and the revealed midrash is the secret of externality, and Midrash haNe ' elam is the secret of internality, which is the neshamah.
A classic definition influenced by Kenneth Arrow and James Meade is provided by Heller and Starrett ( 1976 ), who define an externality as “ a situation in which the private economy lacks sufficient incentives to create a potential market in some good and the nonexistence of this market results in losses of Pareto efficiency .” In economic terminology, externalities are examples of market failures, in which the unfettered market does not lead to an efficient outcome.
The contribution of transport systems to potentially hazardous climate change is a significant negative externality which is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, making it difficult ( but not impossible ) to include in transport economics-based research and analysis.
The contribution of transport systems to potentially hazardous climate change is a significant negative externality which is difficult to evaluate quantitatively, making it difficult ( but not impossible ) to include in transport economics-based research and analysis.
In economic theory, pollution is considered a negative externality, a negative effect on a party not directly involved in a transaction, which results in a market failure.
To confront parties with the issue, the economist Arthur Pigou proposed taxing the goods ( in this case hydrocarbon fuels ) which were the source of the negative externality ( carbon dioxide ) so as to accurately reflect the cost of the goods ' production to society, thereby internalizing the costs associated with the goods ' production.
Although Chantal Mouffe and Jacques Ranciere differ in their stance on what the conditions of the political are ( for Mouffe, this is an internal reorganization of existing social arrangements in what are called ' articulations ), for Ranciere, it is the incursion of an externality which had not yet been accounted for.
In this sense, children are positive externality which is under-invested according to traditional analysis.
Arthur Pigou had previously developed the concept of economic externalities in a publication of 1920 in which he proposed that what is now referred to as a Pigouvian tax equal to the negative externality should be used to bring the outcome within a market economy back to economic efficiency.
The existence of collateralized borrowing generates an externality problem in which individual borrowers do not take into account the effect of their actions into the value of the assets that determine their own collateral, like in the case of housing.
The first option to eliminate the externality could be to put up a net fence that will prevent pears from falling to the ground of the Smith ’ s side property line, which will automatically decrease the Smith family ’ s marginal benefit to 0.
Political factors such as lobbying of government by polluters may also tend to reduce the level of the tax levied, which will tend to reduce the mitigating effect of the tax ; lobbying of government by special interests who calculate the negative utility of the externality higher than others may also tend to increase the level of the tax levied, which will tend to result in a sub-optimal level of production.
Enlargement of the market size is another important externality which arises from the complementarity of industries.
Availability of skilled labour is an externality which arises when industrialization occurs, as workers acquire better training and skills.
In Freudian terms, introjection is the aspect of the ego's system of relational mechanisms which handles checks and balances from a perspective external to what one normally considers ' oneself ', infolding these inputs into the internal world of the self-definitions, where they can be weighed and balanced against one's various senses of externality.
# When consumed, a merit good creates positive externalities ( an externality being a third party / spill-over effect which arises from the consumption or production of the good / service ).
A pecuniary externality is an externality which operates through prices rather than through real resource effects.
which and is
It is also possible, but equally doubtful, that he actually shot down the hundreds of men with which his legend credits him.
Let me pass over the trip to Sante Fe with something of the same speed which made Mrs. Roebuck `` wonduh if the wahtahm speed limit '' ( 35 m.p.h. ) `` is still in ee-faket ''.
The place is inhabited by several hundred warlike women who are anachronisms of the Twentieth Century -- stone age amazons who live in an all-female, matriarchal society which is self-sufficient ''.
It is the last of the three tests of manhood which the women impose, to discover if a male is worthy of survival there.
It took thirty of our women almost six moons to build this one, which is higher and stronger than the old one.
`` I'd like to know just which it is that those guys don't understand, the liquor or automobiles ''.
The woman eyed the youth with the avidity a coin collector might display toward a rare doubloon which is not yet in his collection.
It is these other differences between North and South -- other, that is, than those which concern discrimination or social welfare -- which I chiefly discuss herein.
It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.
Of greater importance, however, is the content of those programs, which have had and are having enormous consequences for the American people.
Recognizing that the Rule of Law is `` a dynamic concept which should be employed not only to safeguard the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society '', the Congress asserted that it also included the responsibility `` to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realized ''.
For better or for worse, we all now live in welfare states, the organizing principle of which is collective responsibility for individual well-being.
That is particularly true of sovereignty when it is applied to democratic societies, in which `` popular '' sovereignty is said to exist, and in federal nations, in which the jobs of government are split.
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