The term " Islamic " refers not only to the religion, but to any form of art created in an Islamic culture or in an Islamic context.

The second noteworthy characteristic is that the country borders on very different parts of the African continent: North Africa, with its Islamic culture and economic orientation toward the Mediterranean Basin ; West Africa, with its diverse religions and cultures and its history of highly developed states and regional economies ; Northeast Africa, oriented toward the Nile Valley and Red Sea region ; and Central or Equatorial Africa, some of whose people have retained classical African religions while others have adopted Christianity, and whose economies were part of the great Congo River system.

Category: Islamic culture

A passage in Muhtasar kitab al-buldan illustrates the division of Islamic society into strata: " First are the rulers, whom their deserts has placed in the foremost rank ; second are the viziers, distinguished by wisdom and understanding ; third are the wealthy upper classes, lifted by their possessions ; fourth are the middle classes who are attached to the upper three by culture ( ta ' addub ); the remainder are the lowest classes that are filthy refuse, a torrent of scum, none of whom thinks of anything but food and sleep.

David is very important to Jewish, Christian and Islamic doctrine and culture.

Cairo has been a crossroads of Arab commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and Islamic institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural landmark palace.

Subsequently, the Galatians continued to be subsumed into the Greek world until their culture was barely indistinguishable from the Greeks before disappearing under the Turkish and Islamic Jihad and Genocide of Byzantine Anatolia.

The Islamic civilization gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced notable scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, nurses and philosophers during the Golden Age of Islam.

Hamdani, an Arab historian, was the best representative of Islamic culture during the last effective years of the Abbasid caliphate.

... As for our culture, it is based on the Holy Quran, the Sunna and the legal rulings of the faqih who is our source of imitation ...</ div > Hezbollah follows the Islamic Shi ' a theology developed by Iranian revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Within the native culture, however, establishing a connection between English Language Teaching ( ELT ), patriotism and Muslim faith is seen as one of the aims of ELT, as the chairman of the Punjab Textbook Board openly states: " The board ... takes care, through these books to inoculate in the students a love of the Islamic values and awareness to guard the ideological frontiers of your students home lands " ( Punjab Text Book Board 1997 ).

Another source distinguishes Islamist from Islamic " by the fact that the latter refers to a religion and culture in existence over a millennium, whereas the first is a political / religious phenomenon linked to the great events of the 20th century ".

), " Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, and literature " NYU Press New York 1997

* Wafer, Jim ( 1997 ) " Muhammad and Male Homosexuality " in " Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, and literature " by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe ( eds.

* Wafer, Jim ( 1997 ) " The Symbolism of Male Love in Islamic Mysthical Literature " in " Islamic Homosexualities: culture, history, and literature " by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe ( eds.

Muslim culture and philosophy have heavily influenced practitioners of Judaism in the Islamic world.

Famous sufi saint Bulbul Shah was able to convert Rinchan Shah who was then prince of Kashgar Ladakh to an Islamic lifestyle, thus founding the Sufiana composite culture.

He read those Greek philosophers accessible in Arabic translations, and was deeply immersed in the sciences and learning of Islamic culture.

Category: Islamic culture

Despite its relative political weakness in this period, Borno's court and mosques under the patronage of a line of scholarly kings earned fame as centers of Islamic culture and learning.

Largely because of Songhai's influence, there was a blossoming of Islamic learning and culture.

A Lebanese Moslem told about its existence and application in the Islamic tradition as the `` divine law '', while a C.A.I.P. member who has been working in close association with delegates of the new U.N. nations told of its widespread recognition on the African continent.

Arabic literature spans for over two millennium, it has three phases, the pre-Islamic, Islamic and modern.

Since its inception in the early 1990s, the group has carried out bombings, kidnappings, assassinations and extortion in what they describe as their fight for an independent Islamic province in the Philippines.

The nature of " being " has also been debated and explored in Islamic philosophy, notably by Ibn Sina, Suhrawardi, and Mulla Sadra.

Aside from relations with other ASEAN states, Brunei also has extensive relations with the Islamic and Arab world.

Rabbani was also the leader of Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan ( Islamic Society of Afghanistan ), which has close ties to Pakistan's Jamaat-e-Islami.

He has been quoted as stating that Comoros is not ready to become an Islamic state, nor shall the veil be forced upon any women in the Comoros.

Nicknamed " The City of a Thousand Minarets " for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life.

Change of Islamic law is not possible, but were there a concubine in the modern era, she must be given all her due rights that Islam has preserved in the past.

In Islamic North Africa, caste system has existed in recent centuries amongst the Tuareg people.

* Although the Government of Ethiopia has allied with local clans in opposition to the Transitional National Government in the past, it currently is supporting the Transitional Government against its main rival, the Islamic Courts Union.

In Modern Standard Arabic, fiqh has come to mean jurisprudence in general, be it Islamic or secular.

In nations where Islamic law is the basis of civil law, but has not been codified, as is the case of some Arab countries in the Middle East, fatwā by the national religious leadership are debated prior to being issued.

In the majority of Arab countries, however, Islamic law has been codified in each country according to its own rules, and is interpreted by the judicial system according to the national jurisprudence.

The closest such organism is the Islamic Fiqh Academy, ( a member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation ( OIC )), which has 57 member states.

America has done this for decades without suffering the consequences of any punishment or protests about their oppressive and prejudiced position from the Islamic world.

In 2005, the Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has issued the fatwā that the production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons are forbidden under Islam and that Iran shall never acquire these weapons.

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has close and friendly relations with a number of countries around the world, including: the United States, Japan, Germany, Turkey, India, China, Canada, Russia, United Arab Emirates and many others.

Islamic fundamentalism has appeared in many counties ; the Wahhabi version is promoted worldwide and financed by Saudi Arabia.

For instance, the Archbishop of Wales has criticized " atheistic fundamentalism " broadly and said " Any kind of fundamentalism, be it Biblical, atheistic or Islamic, is dangerous ".

In the United States, private or cultural intolerance of women wearing the hijab ( Islamic headcovering ) and political activism by Muslims also has been labeled " secular fundamentalism " by some Muslims in the U. S.

This work clearly contradicts the New Testament biblical accounts of Jesus and his ministry but has strong parallels with the Islamic faith, not only mentioning Muhammad by name, but including the shahadah ( chapter 39 ).