James Johnson argued that A Modest Proposal was largely influenced and inspired by Tertullian ’ s Apology: a satirical attack against early Roman persecution of Christianity.

He argued Congress could not decide either for or against slavey before a territory was settled.

He argued strongly against the doctrine of the soul's immortality.

With the House undecided on whether to mobilize for military action against the encroaching British military force, Henry argued in favor of mobilization.

Swedish folklorist Carl Wilhelm Von Sydow argued against both Scandinavian translation and source material due to his theory that Beowulf is fundamentally Christian and written at a time when any Norse tale would have most likely been pagan in nature.

A few years later, Ann Watts published a book in which she argued against the imperfect application of traditional, Homeric, oral-formulaic theory to Anglo-Saxon poetry.

Although a Conservative, Disraeli was sympathetic to some of the demands of the Chartists and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the merchants and new industrialists in the middle class, helping to found the Young England group in 1842 to promote the view that the landed interests should use their power to protect the poor from exploitation by middle-class businessmen.

Styblo and Meijer argued neonatal immunization protected against miliary TB and other noncontagious forms of TB, and not pulmonary TB which was a disease of adults, and that mass immunization campaigns with BCG would therefore not be expected to have a significant public health impact.

However, a similar resolution was defeated by thirty-three votes in the House of Commons on December 15, 1927 when the MPs William Joynson-Hicks and Rosslyn Mitchell " reached and inflamed all the latent Protestant prejudices in the House " and argued strongly against it on the grounds that the proposed book was " papistical " and was a restoration of the Roman Mass and implied the doctrine of Transubstantiation.

Lomborg campaigned against the Kyoto Protocol and other measures to cut carbon emissions in the short-term, and argued for adaptation to short-term temperature rises as they are inevitable, and for spending money on research and development for longer-term environmental solutions, and on other important world problems such as AIDS, malaria and malnutrition.

Political violence against FARC and UP members ( including presidential candidate Jaime Pardo ) was blamed on drug lords and also on members of the security forces ( to a much lesser degree on the argued inaction of Betancur administration ).

Aristotle argued against the idea of a first cause, often confused with the idea of a " prime mover " or " unmoved mover " ( or primus motor ) in his Physics and Metaphysics.

Although nominally a Conservative, Disraeli was sympathetic to some of the demands of the Chartists and argued for an alliance between the landed aristocracy and the working class against the increasing power of the middle class, helping to found the Young England group in 1842 to promote the view that the rich should use their power to protect the poor from exploitation by the middle class.

According to Alan Ryan, the ideology of the original classical liberals argued against direct democracy, where law is made by majority vote by citizens, " for there is nothing in the bare idea of majority rule to show that majorities will always respect the rights of property or maintain rule of law.

Cotton Mather strongly challenged the perception that inoculation was against the will of God and argued that the procedure was not outside of Puritan principles.

Following the lead of Yale scholar John Boswell, it has been argued that a number of Early Christians entered into homosexual relationships, and that certain Biblical figures had homosexual relationships, despite Biblical injunctions against sexual relationships between members of the same sex.

Some scholars have argued that the calm, orderly, monotheistic creation story in Genesis 1 can be interpreted as a reaction against the creation myths of other Near Eastern cultures.

" A prominent figure in the sceptical philosophical tradition and a strong empiricist, he argued against the existence of innate ideas, concluding instead that humans have knowledge only of things they directly experience.

Eisenhower's first struggles however were with Allied leaders and officers on matters vital to the success of the Normandy invasion ; he argued with Roosevelt over an essential agreement with de Gaulle to use French resistance forces in covert and sabotage operations against the Germans in advance of Overlord.

* He argued against special revelation: " God designed all Mankind should at all times know, what he wills them to know, believe, profess, and practice ; and has given them no other Means for this, but the Use of Reason.

Author Sam Harris has argued that we overestimate the relevance of many arguments against the science of morality, arguments he believes scientists happily and rightly disregard in other domains of science like physics.

Only few scholars have argued against Paul's authorship.

Throughout his career Bagley argued against the conservative position that teachers were not in need of special training for their work.

His uncle Golding argued that the Archbishop of Canterbury should halt the proceedings since a proceeding against a ward of the Queen could not be brought without prior licence from the Court of Wards and Liveries.

" Although Erasmus did not oppose the punishment of heretics, in individual cases he generally argued for moderation and against the death penalty.

Errett Bishop argued that the axiom of choice was constructively acceptable, saying

In secular matters, Raymond VI of Toulouse, his son ( afterwards Raymond VII ), and Raymond-Roger of Foix attended the Council to dispute the threatened confiscation of their territories ; Bishop Foulques and Guy de Montfort ( brother of Simon ) argued in favour of the confiscation.

Bishop, however, has argued that we need to examine the way in which the various troop types were armed and deduce from this what their battle roles were, rather than trying to consider who-wore-what.

Bishop Colmán argued the Ionan calculation of Easter on the following grounds that it was the practice of Columba, founder of their monastic network and a saint of unquestionable holiness, who himself had followed the tradition of St. John the apostle and evangelist.

In the 1877 Wi Parata v Bishop of Wellington judgement, Prendergast argued that the Treaty was a ' simple nullity ' in terms of transferring sovereignty from Māori to Britain.

Æthelred befriended Bishop Wilfrid of York when Wilfrid was expelled from his see in Northumbria ; Æthelred made Wilfrid Bishop of the Middle Angles during his exile, and supported him at the synod of Austerfield in about 702, when Wilfrid argued his case for the return of the ecclesiastical lands he had been deprived of in Northumbria.

Some historians, including David Bates, have argued that St-Calais was the driving force behind the organization of the entire Domesday survey, although other candidates have been put forward, including Samson, Bishop of Worcester, before he became bishop.

According to Bishop Asser's Life of King Alfred Chippenham was, under Alfred's reign, a royal vill ; historians have also argued, from its proximity to the royal forests at Melksham and Barden, that it was probably a hunting lodge.

Bishop Butler argued that pursuing the public good was the best way of advancing one's own good since the two were necessarily identical.

In the 1840s, as Northern and Southern Methodists argued over the slavery issue, Brownlow was offended by what he perceived as poor treatment of Southern Methodist leaders, especially Bishop Joshua Soule ( who had ordained Brownlow as minister ).

Although some Orthodox have described this intermediate state as " purgatory ", others distinguish it from aspects associated with it in the West: at the Council of Ferrara-Florence, the Orthodox Bishop and Saint Mark of Ephesus argued that there are in it no purifying fires.

There has been some support for homosexual priests expressed by members of the clergy, including by Bishop Thomas Gumbleton, who has argued for the ordination of gay men.

The most famous confrontation took place at the public 1860 Oxford evolution debate during a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, when the Bishop of Oxford Samuel Wilberforce argued against Darwin's explanation.

Bishop Conry has argued against changing the date of Easter in a sense that would separate it from its Jewish roots of Passover, adding that it would be difficult to get all the different ecclesial communities to agree on a same date.

Giles Hudson, for example, has argued that the man on the right is not de Selve, but Jean's brother François, Bishop of Auxerre, a noted patron of the arts with a known interest in mathematical instruments.

Additional speculation from Douglas Kellner of UCLA argued that Big Brother represents Joseph Stalin and that the novel portrayed life under totalitarianism.

After the defeat at Savenay, when regular warfare in the Vendée was at an end, the French general Francois Joseph Westermann is argued by some historians to have penned a letter ( its veracity is disputed ) to the Committee of Public Safety, stating:

The existence of the greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

For example, the economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that capitalism did not begin with the Industrial Revolution but in 14th century Italy.

Joseph Greenberg named the group and argued it was a genetic family in his 1963 book The Languages of Africa.

Joseph Sobran, in Alias Shakespeare, argued that in 1607 William Barksted, a minor poet and playwright, implies in his poem " Mirrha the Mother of Adonis " that Shakespeare was already deceased.

Reparative therapy has been used as a synonym for conversion therapy generally, but Jack Drescher has argued that strictly speaking it refers to a specific kind of therapy associated with Elizabeth Moberly and Joseph Nicolosi.

* Joseph Loth, moreover, has argued, on detailed philological grounds, that the two names could not possibly be identical.

In response, another physicist named Joseph Polchinski sent them a letter in which he argued that one could avoid questions of free will by considering a potentially paradoxical situation involving a billiard ball sent through a wormhole which sends it back in time.

" The 15th-century Jewish philosopher Joseph Albo argued similarly in his Ikkarim that there are two types of time: " Measured time which depends on motion, and time in the abstract ," the second of which has no origin and is " the infinite space of time before the universe was created.

A major figure on the right was Joseph de Maistre, who argued for an authoritarian form of conservatism.

" Joseph de Maistre argued for the indirect authority of the Pope over temporal matters.

The bewildering number and variety of phonetic values that signs could have in Sumerian led to an unfortunate detour in understanding the language – a Paris-based orientalist, Joseph Halévy, argued from 1874 onward that Sumerian was not a natural language, but rather a secret code ( a cryptolect ), and for over a decade the leading Assyriologists battled over this issue.

Investigative journalist and author Joseph J. Trento has argued that the bank's transformation was guided by the head of Saudi intelligence with a view to enabling it to finance covert intelligence operations at a time, in the aftermath of Watergate, when the American intelligence agencies were defending themselves from investigations by domestic authorities.

In the 1996 Keith Joseph memorial lecture Mrs. Thatcher argued that " The kind of Conservatism which he and I ... favoured would be best described as ‘ liberal ’, in the old-fashioned sense.

Laroche's side argued that the patent was invalid, as a similar process was invented earlier by Joseph Reade, and that using the collodion process does not infringe the calotype patent anyway, because of significant differences between the two processes.

The origins of the Nazi version of the theory of the master race were in 19th-century racial theories of Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerated when distinct races mixed.

Economist Joseph Schumpeter, who contributed greatly to the study of innovation, argued that industries must incessantly revolutionize the economic structure from within, that is innovate with better or more effective processes and products, such as the shift from the craft shop to factory.

Joseph G. Symmes argued in 1857 that the name was spelled improperly and that the suffix " bury " was more appropriate, leading the name of the community and brook to be changed to " Cranbury " in 1869.

At this council too, many leaders urged war, while Joseph argued in favor of peace.

This suggestion has also been mentioned more recently by Joseph Holloway, who argued in the 1993 book The African Heritage of American English ( co-written with a retired missionary ) that various West African languages have near-homophone discourse markers with meanings such as " yes indeed " or which serve as part of the back-channeling repertoire.

Later, Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that a Juglar cycle has four stages: ( i ) expansion ( increase in production and prices, low interests rates ); ( ii ) crisis ( stock exchanges crash and multiple bankruptcies of firms occur ); ( iii ) recession ( drops in prices and in output, high interests rates ); ( iv ) recovery ( stocks recover because of the fall in prices and incomes ).

A similar idealist notion was expressed in the writings of Joseph Butler who argued that conscience is God-given, should always be obeyed, is intuitive, and should be considered the " constitutional monarch " and the " universal moral faculty ": " conscience does not only offer itself to show us the way we should walk in, but it likewise carries its own authority with it.

" British Communists, following the Party line defined by Joseph Stalin, argued that appeasement had been a pro-fascist policy and that the British ruling class would have preferred fascism to socialism.