Among well known ( generally non-kabbalist or anti-kabbalist ) Rabbis who rejected the idea of reincarnation are Saadia Gaon, David Kimhi, Hasdai Crescas, Yedayah Bedershi ( early 14th century ), Joseph Albo, Abraham ibn Daud, the Rosh and Leon de Modena.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

Major academic sculptors of France are represented in the sculpture of the Arc de Triomphe: Jean-Pierre Cortot ; François Rude ; Antoine Étex ; James Pradier and Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire.

* 1792 – La Marseillaise ( the French national anthem ) is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.

Joseph de Maistre ( 1753-1821 )

It was influenced by Counter-Enlightenment works by men such as Joseph de Maistre and Louis de Bonald.

Charles Xavier Joseph de Franque Ville d ' Abancour ( 4 July 1758 – 9 September 1792 ) was a French statesman, minister to Louis XVI.

Edouard van Beneden and Theodor Boveri made the first observation and identification of centrioles in 1883 and 1888 respectively, while the pattern of centriole replication was first worked out independently by Etienne de Harven and Joseph G. Gall circa 1950

* 1814 – Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, Belgian-born Austrian field marshal ( b. 1735 )

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb developed the law of electrostatic attraction in 1785 as an outgrowth of his attempt to investigate the law of electrical repulsions as stated by Joseph Priestley in England.

When Napoleon I ordered the invasion of Portugal in 1807 because it refused to join the Continental System, the Portuguese Braganças moved their capital to Rio de Janeiro to avoid the fate of the Spanish Bourbons ( Napoleon I arrested them and made his brother Joseph king ).

The " Royalist democrats " or monarchiens, allied with Necker, inclined toward organising France along lines similar to the British constitutional model ; they included Jean Joseph Mounier, the Comte de Lally-Tollendal, the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre, and Pierre Victor Malouet, comte de Virieu.

Originally titled Chant de guerre pour l ' Armée du Rhin (" War Song for the Army of the Rhine "), the song was written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792.

They associated with their work the chemist Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, the mathematician and astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange, the astronomer Joseph Jérôme Lefrançois de Lalande, the mathematician Gaspard Monge, the astronomer and naval geographer Alexandre Guy Pingré, and the poet, actor and playwright Fabre d ' Églantine, who invented the names of the months, with the help of André Thouin, gardener at the Jardin des Plantes of the Muséum National d ' Histoire Naturelle in Paris.

Frederick Augustus II ( full name: Frederick Augustus Albert Maria Clemens Joseph Vincenz Aloys Nepomuk Johann Baptista Nikolaus Raphael Peter Xavier Franz de Paula Venantius Felix ) ( Dresden, 18 May 1797 – Brennbüchel, Karrösten, Tyrol, 9 August 1854 ) was King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.

Hegel, French materialist and utilitarian philosophe Claude Adrien Helvétius, Swiss collectivist philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French utopian socialist Henri de Saint-Simon, and Savoyard conservative Joseph de Maistre as thinkers who constituted the ideological basis for modern authoritarianism, in his book Freedom and Its Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty.

* Joseph de Maistre, Italian philosopher and diplomat

It is claimed the works of counter-enlightenment philosophers such as Heidegger, along with Friedrich Nietzsche and Joseph de Maistre, influenced Iran's Shia Islamists, notably Ali Shariati, in constructing the ideological foundations of the Iranian Revolution and modern political Islam.

* Joseph de Maistre

A major figure on the right was Joseph de Maistre, who argued for an authoritarian form of conservatism.

Counterrevolutionaries, such as Joseph de Maistre or Louis de Bonald, sought the restoration of the Ancien Régime, divided in the three estates of the realm, and the divine right of kings.

Prominent ultra-royalists theorists were < span lang =" fr "> Louis de Bonald </ span > and < span lang =" fr "> Joseph de Maistre </ span >.

Notable figures in French literature who never became academicians include Jean Jacques Rousseau, Jean-Paul Sartre, Joseph de Maistre, Honoré de Balzac, René Descartes, Denis Diderot, Gustave Flaubert, Molière, Marcel Proust, Jules Verne, Theophile Gautier, and Émile Zola.

Berlin's writings on the Enlightenment and its critics ( especially Giambattista Vico, Johann Gottfried Herder, Joseph de Maistre and Johann Georg Hamann, to whose views Berlin referred as the Counter-Enlightenment ) contributed to his advocacy of an irreducibly pluralist ethical ontology.

Herein arose the clerical philosophers — Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald, François-René de Chateaubriand — whose answer was restoring the House of Bourbon and reinstalling the Roman Catholic Church as the established church.

* Carolina Armenteros, The French Idea of History: Joseph de Maistre and his Heirs, 1794-1854 ( Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2011 ).

* Lettres et opuscules inédits du comte Joseph de Maistre, édit.

The Works of Joseph de Maistre.

* Armenteros, Carolina, The French Idea of History: Joseph de Maistre and his Heirs, 1794-1854 ( Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 2011 ).

* Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun, Joseph de Maistre and his European Readers: From Friedrich von Gentz to Isaiah Berlin ( Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2011 ).

* Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun, Joseph de Maistre and the Legacy of Enlightenment, SVEC ( Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation, 2011 ).

* Armenteros, Carolina and Richard Lebrun, New enfant du siècle: Joseph de Maistre as a Writer, in St Andrews Studies in French History and Culture 1 ( 2010 ).

* Armenteros, Carolina, " From Human Nature to Normal Humanity: Joseph de Maistre, Rousseau, and the Origins of Moral Statistics ," Journal of the History of Ideas, 68, 1 ( 2007 ): 107 – 30.

* Barthelet, Philippe, Joseph de Maistre: Les Dossiers H ( Geneva: L ' Age d ' homme, 2005 ).

* Bradley, Owen, A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre | ( Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1999 ).

* Camcastle, Cara, The more moderate side of Joseph de Maistre, Ottawa, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2005.

Additional speculation from Douglas Kellner of UCLA argued that Big Brother represents Joseph Stalin and that the novel portrayed life under totalitarianism.

After the defeat at Savenay, when regular warfare in the Vendée was at an end, the French general Francois Joseph Westermann is argued by some historians to have penned a letter ( its veracity is disputed ) to the Committee of Public Safety, stating:

The existence of the greenhouse effect was argued for by Joseph Fourier in 1824.

For example, the economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that capitalism did not begin with the Industrial Revolution but in 14th century Italy.

Joseph Greenberg named the group and argued it was a genetic family in his 1963 book The Languages of Africa.

Joseph Sobran, in Alias Shakespeare, argued that in 1607 William Barksted, a minor poet and playwright, implies in his poem " Mirrha the Mother of Adonis " that Shakespeare was already deceased.

Reparative therapy has been used as a synonym for conversion therapy generally, but Jack Drescher has argued that strictly speaking it refers to a specific kind of therapy associated with Elizabeth Moberly and Joseph Nicolosi.

* Joseph Loth, moreover, has argued, on detailed philological grounds, that the two names could not possibly be identical.

In response, another physicist named Joseph Polchinski sent them a letter in which he argued that one could avoid questions of free will by considering a potentially paradoxical situation involving a billiard ball sent through a wormhole which sends it back in time.

" The 15th-century Jewish philosopher Joseph Albo argued similarly in his Ikkarim that there are two types of time: " Measured time which depends on motion, and time in the abstract ," the second of which has no origin and is " the infinite space of time before the universe was created.

The bewildering number and variety of phonetic values that signs could have in Sumerian led to an unfortunate detour in understanding the language – a Paris-based orientalist, Joseph Halévy, argued from 1874 onward that Sumerian was not a natural language, but rather a secret code ( a cryptolect ), and for over a decade the leading Assyriologists battled over this issue.

Investigative journalist and author Joseph J. Trento has argued that the bank's transformation was guided by the head of Saudi intelligence with a view to enabling it to finance covert intelligence operations at a time, in the aftermath of Watergate, when the American intelligence agencies were defending themselves from investigations by domestic authorities.

In the 1996 Keith Joseph memorial lecture Mrs. Thatcher argued that " The kind of Conservatism which he and I ... favoured would be best described as ‘ liberal ’, in the old-fashioned sense.

Laroche's side argued that the patent was invalid, as a similar process was invented earlier by Joseph Reade, and that using the collodion process does not infringe the calotype patent anyway, because of significant differences between the two processes.

The origins of the Nazi version of the theory of the master race were in 19th-century racial theories of Count Joseph Arthur De Gobineau, who argued that cultures degenerated when distinct races mixed.

Economist Joseph Schumpeter, who contributed greatly to the study of innovation, argued that industries must incessantly revolutionize the economic structure from within, that is innovate with better or more effective processes and products, such as the shift from the craft shop to factory.

Joseph G. Symmes argued in 1857 that the name was spelled improperly and that the suffix " bury " was more appropriate, leading the name of the community and brook to be changed to " Cranbury " in 1869.

At this council too, many leaders urged war, while Joseph argued in favor of peace.

This suggestion has also been mentioned more recently by Joseph Holloway, who argued in the 1993 book The African Heritage of American English ( co-written with a retired missionary ) that various West African languages have near-homophone discourse markers with meanings such as " yes indeed " or which serve as part of the back-channeling repertoire.

Later, Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter argued that a Juglar cycle has four stages: ( i ) expansion ( increase in production and prices, low interests rates ); ( ii ) crisis ( stock exchanges crash and multiple bankruptcies of firms occur ); ( iii ) recession ( drops in prices and in output, high interests rates ); ( iv ) recovery ( stocks recover because of the fall in prices and incomes ).

A similar idealist notion was expressed in the writings of Joseph Butler who argued that conscience is God-given, should always be obeyed, is intuitive, and should be considered the " constitutional monarch " and the " universal moral faculty ": " conscience does not only offer itself to show us the way we should walk in, but it likewise carries its own authority with it.

It argued against Bishop Joseph Hall's presentation of episcopacy, while articulating the Presbyterian positions.

" British Communists, following the Party line defined by Joseph Stalin, argued that appeasement had been a pro-fascist policy and that the British ruling class would have preferred fascism to socialism.