* 1919 – The Staatliches Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, one of the founders of modern architecture and the last director of the Bauhaus during its period in Dessau and Berlin was born in Aachen as well.

, commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.

The Bauhaus school was founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar.

In spite of its name, and the fact that its founder was an architect, the Bauhaus did not have an architecture department during the first years of its existence.

Such influences can be overstated: Gropius himself did not share these radical views, and said that Bauhaus was entirely apolitical.

Thus the Bauhaus style, also known as the International Style, was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by harmony between the function of an object or a building and its design.

However, the most important influence on Bauhaus was modernism, a cultural movement whose origins lay as far back as the 1880s, and which had already made its presence felt in Germany before the World War, despite the prevailing conservatism.

The design innovations commonly associated with Gropius and the Bauhaus — the radically simplified forms, the rationality and functionality, and the idea that mass-production was reconcilable with the individual artistic spirit — were already partly developed in Germany before the Bauhaus was founded.

The Bauhaus was founded at a time when the German zeitgeist had turned from emotional Expressionism to the matter-of-fact New Objectivity.

Vkhutemas was a larger school than the Bauhaus, but it was less publicised outside the Soviet Union and consequently, is less familiar to the West.

In 1919, after delays caused by the destruction of World War I and a lengthy debate over who should head the institution and the socio-economic meanings of a reconciliation of the fine arts and the applied arts ( an issue which remained a defining one throughout the school's existence ), Gropius was made the director of a new institution integrating the two called the Bauhaus.

The early intention was for the Bauhaus to be a combined architecture school, crafts school, and academy of the arts.

From 1919 to 1922 the school was shaped by the pedagogical and aesthetic ideas of Johannes Itten, who taught the Vorkurs or ' preliminary course ' that was the introduction to the ideas of the Bauhaus.

Weimar was in the German state of Thuringia, and the Bauhaus school received state support from the Social Democrat-controlled Thuringian state government.

One condition placed on the Bauhaus in this new political environment was the exhibition of work undertaken at the school.

The Nazi movement, from nearly the start, denounced the Bauhaus for its " degenerate art ", and the Nazi regime was determined to crack down on what it saw as the foreign, probably Jewish influences of " cosmopolitan modernism.

" Despite Gropius's protestations that as a war veteran and a patriot his work had no subversive political intent, the Berlin Bauhaus was pressured to close in April 1933.

The paradox of the early Bauhaus was that, although its manifesto proclaimed that the ultimate aim of all creative activity was building, the school did not offer classes in architecture until 1927.

What Parker and his contemporaries -- Gillespie, Davis, Monk, Roach ( Tristano is an anomaly ), etc. -- did was to absorb the musical ornamentation of the older jazz into the basic structure, of which it then became an integral part, and with which it then developed.

To Poncelet's French contemporaries, it was something new.

Antoninus ’ father and paternal grandfather died when he was young and he was raised by Gnaeus Arrius Antoninus, his maternal grandfather, reputed by contemporaries to be a man of integrity and culture and a friend of Pliny the Younger.

This style of government was highly praised by his contemporaries and by later generations.

Algardi died in Rome within a year of completing his famous relief, which was admired by contemporaries.

In his mature work, when he did refer to science it was often to present phenomenological or Goethean science as an alternative to what he considered the materialistic science of his contemporaries.

In the traditional literature he is referred to almost exclusively as Rav, " the Master ", ( both his contemporaries and posterity recognizing in him a master ), just as his teacher, Judah I, was known simply as Rabbi.

For his contemporaries, however, Alexander's fame was his inexhaustible interest in disputation.

The preservation of the book of Joel indicates that it was accorded special status by its contemporaries as “ the word of the Lord ” ( 1: 1 ).

It was largely due to the popularity of artists such as Blind Lemon Jefferson and contemporaries such as Blind Blake and Ma Rainey that Paramount became the leading recording company for the blues in the 1920s.

This was already noted by Chaplin's contemporaries, such as Sigmund Freud, who thought that Chaplin " always plays only himself as he was in his dismal youth ", and by some of his collaborators, such as actress Claire Bloom, who starred in Limelight.

Naturally inclined to peace and conciliation, St. Cyril at first took a rather moderate position but ( like not a few of his undoubtedly orthodox contemporaries ) was by no means eager to accept the homoousios ( ὁμοούσιος ) doctrine-that Jesus Christ and God are of the " same substance " and are equally God.

Giovanni was assassinated in 1497 in mysterious circumstances: with several contemporaries suggesting that Cesare might have been his killer, as Giovanni's disappearance could finally open him a long-awaited military career ; as well as jealousy over Sancha of Aragon, wife of Cesare's younger brother Gioffre, and mistress of both Cesare and Giovanni.

J. S. Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach was a great proponent of the instrument, and most of his German contemporaries regarded it as a central keyboard instrument, for performing, teaching, composing and practicing.

It is likely that Hume was sceptical both about religious belief ( at least as demanded by the religious organisations of his time ) and of the complete atheism promoted by such contemporaries as Baron d ' Holbach.

It was not widely syndicated as many of its contemporaries, and re-broadcast very little outside the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom.

His competence as a military strategist was criticised by his contemporaries however.

This move to leadership was not unusual ; he was known among his contemporaries to be willing to step forward and take control.

Euripides was the youngest in a set of three great tragedians who were almost contemporaries: his first play was staged thirteen years after Sophocles's debut and only three years after Aeschylus's masterpiece, the Oresteia.

Aeschylus had written his own epitaph commemorating his life as a warrior fighting for Athens against Persia, without any mention of his success as a playwright, and Sophocles was celebrated by his contemporaries for his social gifts and contributions to public life as a state official, but there are no records of Euripides's public life except as a dramatisthe could well have been " a brooding and bookish recluse ".

Former Milan player Nils Liedholm was the manager at the time, with players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcão.

A third brother, Bruno Giacometti, was a noted architect.

Saint Bruno of Querfurt ( c. 974 – February 14, 1009 ), also known as Brun and Boniface, is a sainted missionary bishop and martyr, who was beheaded near the border of Kievan Rus and Lithuania while trying to spread Christianity in Eastern Europe.

Eusebius ( Bruno ) of Angers ( died September 1, 1081 ) was bishop of Angers, France.

Corbino helped Fermi in selecting his team, which soon was joined by notable minds like Edoardo Amaldi, Bruno Pontecorvo, Franco Rasetti and Emilio Segrè.

Camille Claudel, directed by newcomer Bruno Nuytten and starring Isabelle Adjani and Gérard Depardieu, was a major commercial success in 1988, earning Adjani, who was also the film's co-producer, a César Award for best actress.

The 1916 Manifesto of Futuristic Cinematography was signed by Filippo Marinetti, Armando Ginna, Bruno Corra, Giacomo Balla and others.

Giordano Bruno (; 1548 – February 17, 1600 ), ( Latin: Iordanus Brunus Nolanus ) born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.

The work of Frances Yates, especially influential in anglophone scholarship, argues that Bruno was deeply influenced by the astronomy found in Arab astrology, Neoplatonism and Renaissance Hermeticism.

Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, CC () ( January 26, 1907 — October 16, 1982 ) was a pioneering Hungarian endocrinologist.

It also made a brief appearance in the 1977 film Jabberwocky where it was being held by King Bruno the Questionable ( the latter film was directed by Terry Gilliam, starred Michael Palin, and featured a cameo by Terry Jones, all members of Monty Python ).

Following the discovery that many Chilean vineyards thought to be planted with Sauvignon blanc was actually Sauvignonasse, the owners of the Chilean winery Domaine Paul Bruno ( who previously worked with Château Margaux and Château Cos d ' Estournel ) invited ampelographers to comb through their vineyards to make sure that their wines were properly identified.

Lewis beat Bruno by a technical knockout in the 7th round, in what was called the " Battle of Britain ".

A French envoy, Sieur de Bruno was sent to evaluate the situation and help in the defence against the Burmese.

A practical method for investigating neutrino oscillations was first suggested by Bruno Pontecorvo in 1957 using an analogy with kaon oscillations ; over the subsequent 10 years he developed the mathematical formalism and the modern formulation of vacuum oscillations.

Gruppen was premiered in Cologne, in 1958, conducted by Stockhausen, Bruno Maderna and Pierre Boulez.

The modern predictive approach was pioneered by Bruno de Finetti, with the central idea of exchangeability – that future observations should behave like past observations.

John Toland was influenced by both Spinoza and Bruno, and sometimes used the terms ' pantheist ' and ' Spinozist ' interchangeably.

A more famous case was the trial for heresy of Giordano Bruno, who was burned at the stake in 1600.

Pope Gregory V, né Bruno of Carinthia ( c. 972 – 18 February 999 ) was Pope from 3 May 996 to 18 February 999, a son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great.