In 1747, while serving as surgeon on HMS Salisbury, James Lind carried out a controlled experiment to develop a cure for scurvy.

James Lind FRSE FRCPE ( 4 October 1716 in Edinburgh – 13 July 1794 in Gosport ) was a Scottish physician.

Lind had two sons – John and James.

The elder son, John ( 1751 – 1794 ), studied medicine and succeeded James Lind as Chief Physician at Haslar Hospital in 1783.

* James Lind Biography

* James Lind Library ( including biography and extracts from Lind's most important works )

* The James Lind Alliance, part of the James Lind Initiative to involve patients and clinicians in prioritising treatment uncertainties for clinical research

* James Lind Institute creates future bellwethers of clinical research industry and carries forward the legacy of James Lind

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It was a Scottish surgeon in the Royal Navy, James Lind who first proved it could be treated with citrus fruit in experiments he described in his 1753 book, A Treatise of the Scurvy, though his advice was not implemented by the Royal Navy for several decades.

However, it was not until 1747 that James Lind formally proved that scurvy could be treated and prevented by supplementing the diet with citrus fruit such as limes or lemons, though not by other acids, in the first ever clinical trial.

James Clerk Maxwell, the founder of the modern theory of electromagnetism, was born here and educated at the Edinburgh Academy and University of Edinburgh, as was the engineer and telephone pioneer Alexander Graham Bell.

* 1898 – James Fitzmaurice, Irish aviation pioneer ( d. 1965 )

Johann August Sutter ( February 15, 1803 – June 18, 1880 ) was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the state's capital.

It was home to the first house built in Lansing in 1843 by pioneer James Seymour and his family.

* April 12 – James Richard Cocke, American physician, homeopath, and a pioneer hypnotherapist ( b. 1863 ).

* July 13 – James Lind, pioneer of naval hygiene in the Royal Navy ( b. 1716 )

* May 26 – James Kenyon, British pioneer of cinematography ( d. 1925 )

* June 19 – James Braid, Scottish surgeon, hypnotism pioneer ( d. 1860 )

Sutter's Mill was a sawmill owned by 19th century pioneer John Sutter in partnership with James W. Marshall.

The student movement involved such celebrated figures as John Lewis, a single-minded activist ; James Lawson, the revered " guru " of nonviolent theory and tactics ; Diane Nash, an articulate and intrepid public champion of justice ; Bob Moses, pioneer of voting registration in Mississippi ; and James Bevel, a fiery preacher and charismatic organizer and facilitator.

On January 24, 1848 James W. Marshall, a foreman working for Sacramento pioneer John Sutter, found shiny metal in the tailrace of a lumber mill Marshall was building for Sutter on the American River.

* Earlier graduates include J. C. R. Licklider, pioneer in artificial intelligence ; Charles Nagel, founder of the U. S. Chamber of Commerce ; Julian Hill, co-inventor of nylon ; Clyde Cowan, co-discoverer of the neutrino ; James R. Thompson, Governor of Illinois ; David R. Francis, Governor of Missouri ; William H. Webster, former Director of the FBI ; Edward Singleton Holden, President of the University of California ; Nathan O. Hatch, president of Wake Forest University ; Thomas Lamb Eliot, President of Reed College ; and Abram L. Sachar, founding President of Brandeis University.

Famous residents have included Mary, Queen of Scots ; King James VI of Scotland ; Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman ; documentary film pioneer John Grierson ; film music composer Muir Mathieson ; animation pioneer Norman McLaren ; TV presenter Kirsty Young ; and footballers Billy Bremner ( captain of Leeds United and Scotland ) and Frank Beattie ( captain of Kilmarnock ).

The county was named in honor of Dr. William E. Throckmorton, an early north Texas pioneer and the father of James W. Throckmorton, who later became governor of Texas.

* James Fitzmaurice-aviation pioneer.

The town is named after mining pioneer Dr. James Douglas, and was incorporated in 1905.

James Madison (" Boss ") Hendry ( 1839 – 1922 ) named the town in honor of Arcadia Albritton ( 1861 – 1932 ), a daughter of Thomas H. and Fannie ( Waldron ) Albritton, pioneer settlers.

This " high prairie " caught the eye of pioneer aviator Glenn Curtiss and Missouri cattleman James H. Bright who saw great potential in 1921.

Another pioneer settler was James Reaves, whose family still resides there.

Incorporated in 1873, the city is named for pioneer James Croft, who donated the land which the city occupies.

West Point was founded by pioneer James Young, who built a cabin at the site in 1789 and, in 1797, built a brick house and inn that is still standing today.

The city is named for pioneer James Livermore.

Prior to the featured race, the stewards announced that apprentice James P. Verrone is suspended ten days for crowding horses and crossing the field sharply in two races on Wednesday.

* 1915 – James Elliott, American track and field coach ( d. 1981 )

Although control systems of various types date back to antiquity, a more formal analysis of the field began with a dynamics analysis of the centrifugal governor, conducted by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in 1868 entitled On Governors.

Their motivations are consistent with the convictions of James Daniel Bjorken and Sidney Drell: ” The Feynman graphs and rules of calculation summarize quantum field theory in a form in close contact with the experimental numbers one wants to understand.

James Stirling, a British writer who visited the Southern United States in 1857, described the distinction between slaves who were house servants and slaves who were field hands in his book, Letters from the Slave States:

Walter Dill Scott, who was elected President of the American Psychological Association ( APA ) in 1919, was arguably the most prominent I – O psychologist of his time, although James McKeen Cattell ( elected APA President in 1895 ) and Hugo Münsterberg ( 1898 ) were influential in the early development of the field.

Fleming took the name for his character from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies ; Fleming, a keen birdwatcher himself, had a copy of Bond's guide and he later explained to the ornithologist's wife that " It struck me that this brief, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and yet very masculine name was just what I needed, and so a second James Bond was born ".

* 1774 – James O ' Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, English field marshal ( b. 1682 )

Most recently, James Madison University has used funds to create a new baseball and softball field complex by Memorial Hall.

Baseball writer Bill James, in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, ranked Robinson as the 32nd greatest player of all time strictly on the basis of his performance on the field, noting that he was one of the top players in the league throughout his career.

The readings from the King James Bible are " And Reuben went in the days of wheat harvest, and found mandrakes in the field, and brought them unto his mother Leah.

James Clerk Maxwell synthesized and expanded these insights into Maxwell's equations, unifying electricity, magnetism, and optics into the field of electromagnetism.

Today, the founder of the club is regarded as James Henry Gardiner who served the club diligently both on the field and off the field until his death in 1921.

* Selected Bibliography: James Macpherson and Ossian Excellent online bibliography ; compiled by designated experts in the field ; covering the most important scholarly monographs and articles on Ossian and Macpherson up to March 2004.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, a controversy exported from Geology, between supporters of James Hutton ( uniformitarianism Thesis ) and Georges Cuvier ( catastrophism ) strongly influenced the field of geography, because geography at this time was a natural science since Human Geography or Antropogeography had just developed as a discipline in the late nineteenth century.

File: James Clerk Maxwell. png | James Clerk Maxwell ( 1831-1879 ): united electricity, magnetism, and optics into a consistent electromagnetic theory, formulated Maxwell ’ s equations to show that electricity, magnetism and light are manifestations of the electromagnetic field, developed the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution ( statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases )

In the " low-energy limit ", the quantum field-theoretic description of the electromagnetic field, quantum electrodynamics, does not exactly reduce to James Clerk Maxwell's 1864 theory of classical electrodynamics.

There, the bones of St. James the Great were proclaimed to have been found in Compostela ( from Latin campus stellae, literally " the star field ") inside Galicia.

But the Bills struck right back on their ensuing possession with a five-play, 66-yard drive that took 1: 23 off the clock, including a tipped 61-yard completion from quarterback Jim Kelly to receiver James Lofton that set up Scott Norwood's 23-yard field goal to tie the game at 3-3.

On the other side of the field, veteran wide receiver James Lofton recorded 57 receptions for 1, 072 yards and 8 touchdowns to earn his 8th Pro Bowl appearance and finish the year just 55 yards short of the all time receiving record held by Steve Largent ( 13, 089 yards ).