Johann Friedrich Blumenbach | Blumenbach's five Race ( classification of human beings ) | races.

However, in that decade, progressive reformers such as Alcott, influenced by Pestalozzi as well as Friedrich Fröbel and Johann Friedrich Herbart, began to advocate writing about subjects from students ' personal experiences.

* 1825 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician ( b. 1765 )

The best known composers from this period are Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven ; other notable names include Luigi Boccherini, Muzio Clementi, Antonio Soler, Antonio Salieri, François Joseph Gossec, Johann Stamitz, Carl Friedrich Abel, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, and Christoph Willibald Gluck.

Franz Schubert is also something of a transitional figure, as are Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Mauro Giuliani, Friedrich Kuhlau, Fernando Sor, Luigi Cherubini, Jan Ladislav Dussek, and Carl Maria von Weber.

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (;, ) ( 30 April 177723 February 1855 ) was a German mathematician and physical scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, electrostatics, astronomy and optics.

The species name troglodytes, Greek for " cave-dweller ", was coined by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach in his book De generis humani varietate nativa liber (" on the natural varieties of the human genus ") published in 1776, This book was based on his dissertation presented one year before ( it had a date 16 Sep 1775 printed on its title page ) to the University of Göttingen for internal use only, thus the dissertation did not meet the conditions for published work in the sense of zoological nomenclature.

* 1774 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer and organist ( b. 1720 )

* 1765 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician ( d. 1825 )

The Imperial cartographer Johann Friedrich Endersch completed a map of Warmia () in 1755 and also made a copper etching of the galley named " The City of Elbląg " ().

In Germany, there was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Die Leiden des jungen Werthers ( 1774 ) ( The Sorrows of Young Werther ) and Friedrich Hölderlin's Hyperion.

Philosophers of education such as Juan Vives, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, and Johann Herbart had examined, classified and judged the methods of education centuries before the beginnings of psychology in the late 1800s.

* 1500 – Duke Friedrich and Duke Johann attempt to subdue the peasantry of Dithmarschen, Denmark, in the Battle of Hemmingstedt.

There, he received a liberal education at the Lyceum, and Karl J. Windischmann drew his attention to the languages and literature of the East ( Windischmann, along with Georg Friedrich Creuzer, Johann Joseph von Görres, and the brothers Schlegel, expressed great enthusiasm for Indian wisdom and philosophy ).

In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths ( 1759 – 1839 ) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn ( 1778 – 1852 ) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics.

Handel and his father travelled to Weissenfels to visit either Handel's half-brother, Carl, or nephew, Georg Christian, who was serving as valet to Duke Johann Adolf I. Handel and the duke convinced his father to allow him to take lessons in musical composition and keyboard technique from Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, the organist of Halle's Marienkirche.

Bach, Franz Benda, Johann Friedrich Agricola, and others.

Bach in Leipzig, such as Wilhelm Friedmann Bach, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach and Johann Friedrich Agricola, as well as those composers who performed under his direction in Leipzig ( Christoph Graupner, Johann David Heinichen and Johann Georg Pisendel ), composers of the Berlin lieder school, and finally, his numerous pupils, none of whom, however, became major composers.

Weimar ’ s Courtyard of the Muses, a tribute to The Enlightenment and the Weimar Classicism depicting German poets Friedrich Schiller | Schiller, Christoph Martin Wieland | Wieland, Johann Gottfried Herder | Herder and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Goethe.

ca: Johann Friedrich Agricola

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In 1484, Agricola moved to Heidelberg by invitation of Johann von Dalberg, the Bishop of Worms.

* December 2 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer ( b. 1720 )

* January 4 – Johann Friedrich Agricola, German composer ( d. 1774 )

* Johann Friedrich Agricola ( 1720-1774 ), German composer

Johann Agricola may refer to:

* Johann Friedrich Agricola ( 1720 – 1774 ), German composer

* Johann Agricola ( theologian ) ( 1492 – 1566 )

The planet Neptune was discovered in Capricornus by German astronomer Johann Galle, near Deneb Algedi ( δ Capricorni ) on September 23, 1846, which is appropriate as Capricornus can be seen best from Europe at 4: 00am in September.

René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (; 4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926 ), better known as Rainer Maria Rilke, was a Bohemian-Austrian poet.

* March 4 – Johann David Wyss, Swiss author ( d. 1818 )

* March 4 – Johann Rudolf Wyss, Swiss writer ( d. 1830 )

* October 4 – Johann Hermann, German physician and naturalist ( b. 1738 )

* February 4 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer ( d. 1731 )

* September 4 – Johann Dietenberger, German theologian ( b. c. 1475 )

* August 4 – Johann Gottlob Lehmann, German mineralogist and geologist ( d. 1767 )

The Tyroleans responded by sacking Trento and electing Johann Röttel as the new bishop on 4 January 1440.

** Johann Lorenz Von Mosheim ; Ecclesiastical History from the Birth of Christ to the Beginning of the Eighteenth Century ( 4 vols.

On 3 – 4 July, Pulaski's camp was captured by Johann von Drewitz, and he was forced to retreat into Austrian territory.

Präparierter Text 1 is adapted from the second movement of Brahms ' Symphony No. 1, and is for violin and magnetic tape ; Präparierter Text 2 is adapted from the first movement of Mozart's Jupiter Symphony ( No. 41 ), and is for flute, trumpet, timpani, violin, cello and double bass ; Präparierter Text 3 is adapted from the fourth movement of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, and is for cymbal, bass drum and magnetic tape ; and Präparierter Text 4 is adapted from the Ricercar a 6 from Johann Sebastian Bach's Musical Offering and is for chamber orchestra ( a version for full orchestra followed in 1970 ).

According to the Hastings Gazette, ( April 6, 1878, page 4, column 5 ) and the Holy Rosary Parish Book Committee: Nicholas Friedrich Wilhelm Kranz ( 1841 – 1925 ) along with his brothers Johann Kranz ( 1832 – 1916 ), Mathais Kranz ( 1830 – 1921 ), and Paul Ferdinand Kranz ( 1832 – 1892 ) came from Dakota County on March 1878 looking for a place to settle.

Zedler also published new works such as the trade lexicon Allgemeine Schatz-Kammer Der Kaufmannschafft ( 1741 – 1743, 4 volumes and 1 supplement volume ), stock exchange laws Corpus Juris Cambialis ( Johann Gottlieb Siegels, 1742, 2 volumes ) and the Historical-Political-Geographical Atlas of the whole world ( 1744 – 1749, 13 volumes ), published under the name of the Leipzig bookseller, Johann Samuel Heinsius the Elder.

* Maria Anna Josepha of Austria ( 30 December 1654 4 April 1689 ), who married Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine.

* Johann Sebastian Bach: 4 Chorale Preludes for Organ, orchestrated by Maurice Duruflé ( 1942 / 1945 ):

One of the senior generals, Johann von Hiller, commander of VI Korps was overtly critical of Charles's strategy and resigned on 4 July, on the eve of the battle of Wagram, pretexting health reasons.

Other notable recordings include Johannes Brahms ' Symphony No. 4 and Franz Schubert's third and eighth (" Unfinished ") symphonies, also with the Vienna Philharmonic, recordings of Dvořák's Concerto for piano and orchestra with Sviatoslav Richter, Carl Maria von Weber's Der Freischütz, Johann Strauss ' Die Fledermaus, Giuseppe Verdi's La Traviata and Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.

Kleiber's unique conducting style is preserved on video in a number of performances: Beethoven's Symphony No. 4 and Symphony No. 7 from the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, Johann Strauss ' Die Fledermaus from Munich, Richard Strauss ' Der Rosenkavalier from both Munich and Vienna, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's 36th symphony and Brahms ' second symphony from the Musikverein in Vienna ; Beethoven's Coriolan Overture, Mozart's 33rd and Brahms ' fourth symphonies from Munich and Bizet's Carmen again from Vienna.

Johann Jakob Griesbach ( January 4, 1745 – March 24, 1812 ), German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of Hesse-Darmstadt, where his father, Konrad Kaspar ( 1705 – 1777 ), was pastor.

Johann August Ernesti ( 4 August 1707 – 11 September 1781 ) was a German Rationalist theologian and philologist.

Johann Friedrich Herbart ( May 4, 1776August 14, 1841 ) was a German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline.