In 1890, when the provisions for Swiss national citizen lawmaking were being debated by civil society and government, the Swiss adopted the idea of double majorities from the United States Congress, in which House votes were to represent the people and Senate votes were to represent the states ( Kobach, 1993 ).

A citizen-proposed law ( i. e. initiative ) cannot be passed in Switzerland at the national level if a majority of the people approve but a majority of the cantons disapprove ( Kobach, 1993 ).

Kobach claims that Switzerland has had tandem successes both socially and economically which are matched by only a few other nations.

The Swiss political battles since 1891 have given the world a valuable experience base with the national-level constitutional amendment initiative ( Kobach, 1993 ).

Past editors of the Yale Law Journal include prominent law professors ( Akhil Amar, Ian Ayres, Stephen L. Carter, Alan Dershowitz, John Hart Ely, Dawn Johnsen, Randall Kennedy, Kris Kobach, Joseph Goldstein, and John Yoo ), the deans of Harvard Law School ( Martha Minow ), Columbia Law School ( David Schizer ), Northwestern University School of Law ( David E. Van Zandt, now the president of The New School ), Michigan Law School ( Evan Caminker ), New York University School of Law ( Richard Revesz ), Washington and Lee University School of Law ( Nora Demleitner ), Georgetown Law Center ( T. Alexander Aleinikoff ) and Stanford Law School ( Bayless Manning ), political figures ( journalists Michael Barone and Jeff Greenfield, former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, Senator Arlen Specter, Senator Michael Bennet, Senator Richard Blumenthal ), Supreme Court justices ( Abe Fortas, Samuel Alito, Sonia Sotomayor ), and other judges ( Guido Calabresi, Steven M. Colloton, Robert Katzmann, Brett Kavanaugh, Sidney Stein ).

DOJ general counsel Kris Kobach said: " I regard this as a great success.

* Kobach, Kris W. ( 1993 ).

Sam Brownback became Governor, Jeff Colyer Lieutenant Governor, Kris Kobach Secretary of State, Derek Schmidt Attorney General, Sandy Praeger was re-elected as Insurance Commissioner, and Ron Estes State Treasurer.

♦ State Party: In January 2007, the State Committee elected Kris Kobach as Chair ; Sharon Meissner as Vice-Chair ; Beverly Caley as Secretary ; and David Thorne as Treasurer.

Kris Kobach lost to incumbent democrat Dennis Moore in the 3rd District after defeating Adam Taff in the primary.

The New English Bible ( the Old Testament and Apocrypha will be published at a future date ) has not been planned to rival or replace the King James Version, but, as its cover states, it is offered `` simply as the Bible to all those who will use it in reading, teaching, or worship ''.

R. H. S. Crossman, M.P., writing in The Manchester Guardian, states that departures from West Berlin are now running at the rate not of 700, but of 1,700 a week, and applications to leave have risen to 1,900 a week.

Of these states the average `` change-over '' point ( at which a car is substituted for allowances ) is 13,200 miles per year.

Fees are not the same and some states do not require certain craft, such as sailboats with no power, to be registered at all.

Felix Kopstein states that `` when the snake reaches its maturity it has already reached about its maximal length '', but goes on to cite the reticulate python as an exception, with maximum length approximately three times that at maturity.

If this seems arbitrary, its effect was to treat citizens of the District of Columbia equally with citizens of the states -- at the expense of expanding a troublesome jurisdiction.

Under Lincoln's leadership, the Union set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, took control of the border slave states at the start of the war, gained control of communications with gunboats on the southern river systems, and tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia.

Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time in the 1920s at the technologically advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teesside, and the most recent introduction to his famous science fiction novel Brave New World ( 1932 ) states that this experience of " an ordered universe in a world of planless incoherence " was one source for the novel.

Much of its shock value derives from the fact that the first portion of the essay describes the plight of starving beggars in Ireland, so that the reader is unprepared for the surprise of Swift's solution when he states, " A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled ; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragoust.

It was an era of constitution writing — most states were busy at the task — and leaders felt the new nation must have a written constitution, even though other nations did not.

On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee tabled a resolution before the Continental Congress declaring the colonies independent ; at the same time he also urged Congress to resolve “ to take the most effectual measures for forming foreign Alliances ” and to prepare a plan of confederation for the newly-independent states.

Starting from an initial state and initial input ( perhaps empty ), the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, will proceed through a finite number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing " output " and terminating at a final ending state.

The other eight slave states rejected calls for secession at this point.

It then toured to other states, with the final appearance at the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery on 21 January 2007.

Joseph Dongell, professor at Asbury Theological Seminary, states " the most conscipuous feature of Ephesians 1: 3 – 2: 10 is the phrase ' in Christ ', which occurs twelve times in Ephesians 1: 3 – 4 alone ... this means that Jesus Christ himself is the chosen one, the predestined one.

Author James Basker states that the song has been employed by African Americans as the " paradigmatic Negro spiritual " because it expresses the joy felt at being delivered from slavery and worldly miseries.

Max Planck's strong form of the third law of thermodynamics states the entropy of a perfect crystal vanishes at absolute zero.

Perfect crystals never occur in practice ; imperfections, and even entire amorphous materials, simply get " frozen in " at low temperatures, so transitions to more stable states do not occur.

The electrons, being Fermions, have to be in different quantum states, which leads the electrons to get very high typical velocities, even at absolute zero.

As a result, the Boltzmann factor for states of systems at negative temperature increases rather than decreases with increasing state energy.

In common law states an assault is not committed by merely, for example, swearing at another ; without threat of battery, there can be no assault.

His veto message objected to the measure because it conferred citizenship on the freedmen at a time when eleven out of thirty-six states were unrepresented in the Congress, and the bill also attempted to fix, by federal law, " a perfect equality of the white and black races in every State of the Union.

For much of the 5th century at least democracy fed off an empire of subject states.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

If the Union conceded this to them, the same right must be conceded to each remaining state whenever it saw fit to secede: This would destroy the federal balance between it and the states, and in the end sacrifice to the sovereignty of the states all the liberty the citizens had gained by their Union.

The 140,414 Americans who gave `` the last full measure of devotion '' to prevent disunion, preserved individual freedom in the United States from the dangers of anarchy, inherent in confederations, which throughout history have proved fatal in the end to all associations composed primarily of sovereign states, and to the liberties of their people.

Forty-six states, including Rhode Island, end their fiscal year on June 30.

The other four states end on varying dates: Alabama ( Sept. 30 ), New York ( March 31 ), Pennsylvania ( May 31 ), and Texas ( August 31 ).

Lincoln understood that the Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865, committed the issue to individual states.

When he finally dies at the end of the novel, the situation report from the frontline states, " All is Quiet on the Western Front ," symbolizing the cheapness of human life in war.

In the chapter on climate change in his 2001 book A Skeptical Environmentalist he states ; " This chapter accepts the reality of man-made global warming but questions the way in which future scenarios have been arrived at and finds that forecasts of climate change of 6 degrees by the end of the century are not plausible.

Toward the end of the 1st millennium AD, the formation of states began across central Chad in the sahelian zone between the desert and the savanna.

After further political consolidation, seven prominent states remained by the end of 5th century BC, and the years in which these few states battled each other are known as the Warring States Period.

The term " euthanasia " is usually confined to the active variety ; the University of Washington website states that " euthanasia generally means that the physician would act directly, for instance by giving a lethal injection, to end the patient's life ".

To the end of his life, Munch continued to paint unsparing self-portraits, adding to his self-searching cycle of his life and his unflinching series of snapshots of his emotional and physical states.

The title of Emperor of Austria and the associated Empire were both abolished at the end of the First World War in 1918, when German Austria became a republic and the other kingdoms and lands represented in the Imperial Council established their independence or adhesion to other states.

Christian scholar Donald Guthrie claims that the Gospel was likely widely known before the end of the 1st century, and was fully recognized by the early part of the second, while Helmut Koester states that aside from Marcion, " there is no certain evidence for its usage ," prior to ca.

1648 marked the effective end of the Holy Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern nation-state system, with Germany divided into numerous independent states, such as Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony.

Under the watchful eye of the United States ambassadors to their nations, the presidents pledged to prevent their territories from being used to promote revolutions against their neighbors and issued a call for a general meeting of Central American states in Washington at the end of the year.

Peter Raven, past President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ( AAAS ), states in the foreword to their publication AAAS Atlas of Population and Environment: " We have driven the rate of biological extinction, the permanent loss of species, up several hundred times beyond its historical levels, and are threatened with the loss of a majority of all species by the end of the 21st century.

It is generally the responsibility of states to interpret the law for themselves, but the processes of diplomacy and availability of supra-national judicial organs operate routinely to provide assistance to that end.

* By the end of World War I, most Muslim states were seen to be dominated by the Christian-leaning Western states.

At the end of Book II, Chapter XIII Origen disagrees with Josephus ' placement of blame for the destruction of Jerusalem on the death of James, and states that it was due to the death of Jesus, not James.

Setzer states that the passage indicates that Josephus, a Jewish historian writing towards the end of the first century, could use a neutral tone towards Christians, with some tones of sympathy, implying that they may be worthy of Roman protection.

In response to the internationally recognized environmental crisis of the rapid desiccation of the Aral Sea, the five states sharing the Aral Sea Basin ( Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan ) are developing a strategy to end the crisis.

The rubric in the Book of Needs ( priest's service book ) states, " With respect to the Services said at the parting of the soul, we note that if time does not permit to read the whole Canon, then customarily just one of the prayers, found at the end of the Canon, is read by the Priest at the moment of the parting of the soul from the body.