The term " pontiff " is derived from the Latin word pontifex, which literally means " bridge builder " ( pons + facere ), and which designated a member of the principal college of priests in ancient Rome.

A pontiff ( from Latin pontifex ) was, in Roman antiquity, a member of the principal college of priests ( Collegium Pontificum ).

The English term derives through Old French pontif from Latin pontifex, a word commonly held to come from the Latin root words pons ( bridge ) + facere ( to do, to make ), and so to have the literal meaning of " bridge-builder ".

Inspiration for the Christian use of the name " pontiff " for a bishop could be found in the use of the same word ( in Latin, pontifex, not " pontifex maximus ") for the Jewish High Priest in the Vulgate Latin translation of the Scriptures, where it appears 59 times.

For example, in the Vulgate, " pontifices " ( plural ) is the Latin term used for " The Chief Priests ", and in the Letter to the Hebrews " pontifex " ( singular ) is repeatedly used with reference to the Jewish High Priest and analogously to Jesus as the High Priest of Christians.

Princeps, because of its republican connotation, was most commonly used to refer to the emperor in Latin ( although the emperor's actual constitutional position was essentially " pontifex maximus with tribunician power and imperium superseding all others ") as it was in keeping with the façade of the restored Republic ; the Greek word basileus (" king ") was modified to be synonymous with emperor ( and primarily came into favour after the reign of Heraclius ) as the Greeks had no republican sensibility and openly viewed the emperor as a monarch.

The title pontifex comes from the Latin for " bridge builder ", a possible allusion to a very early role in placating the gods and spirits associated with the Tiber River, for instance.

Albedo (), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo " whiteness " ( or reflected sunlight ), in turn from albus " white ", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.

In this respect, the Romans called him Coelispex ( ; from Latin coelum, " sky ", and specere, " to look at ").

The name Austro-Asiatic comes from the Latin words for " south " and " Asia ", hence " South Asia ".

Although some speculate that it is related to Latin algēre, " be cold ", there is no known reason to associate seaweed with temperature.

Its name is Latin for " water-carrier " or " cup-carrier ", and its symbol is 20px (), a representation of water.

The name Anatolia comes from the Greek () meaning the " East " or more literally " sunrise ", comparable to the Latin terms " Levant " or " Orient " ( and words for " east " in other languages ).

An amateur ( French amateur " lover of ", from Old French and ultimately from Latin amatorem nom.

The Latin synonym is " sonic ", after which the term sonics used to be a synonym for acoustics and later a branch of acoustics.

The word art is derived from the Latin " ars ", which, although literally defined means, " skill method " or " technique ", holds a connotation of beauty.

When used with a grammatical qualifier, the adjective American can mean " of or relating to the Americas ", as in Latin American or Indigenous American.

This can be seen in a popular Latin anagram against the Jesuits: " Societas Jesu " turned into " Vitiosa seces ", or " cut off the wicked things ".

Both the Latin and the Germanic words derive from the Proto-Indo-European root el -, meaning " red " or " brown ", which is also a root for the English words " elk " and another tree: " elm ", a tree distantly related to the alders.

The epigraph at the beginning of the poem is the phrase Vicisti, Galilaee, Latin for " You have conquered, O Galilean ", the apocryphal dying words of the Emperor Julian.

Andronikos Komnenos ' arrival was soon followed by a massacre of the Latin inhabitants of the city, who virtually controlled the economy of the city, with the massacre resulting in the deaths of 80, 000 " Latins ", i. e. Westerners.

The word acre is derived from Old English æcer originally meaning " open field ", cognate to west coast Norwegian ækre and Swedish åker, German Acker, Dutch akker, Latin ager, and Greek αγρός ( agros ).

Colloquially referred to as the New World, this second super continent came to be termed " America ", probably deriving its name from the feminized Latin version of Vespucci's first name .< ref > Rival explanations have been proposed ( see Arciniegas, Germán.

The term " last rites " refers to administration to a dying person not only of this sacrament but also of Penance and Holy Communion, the last of which, when administered in such circumstances, is known as " Viaticum ", a word whose original meaning in Latin was " provision for the journey ".

The form used in the Roman Rite included anointing of seven parts of the body while saying ( in Latin ): " Through this holy unction and His own most tender mercy may the Lord pardon thee whatever sins or faults thou hast committed deliquisti by sight hearing, smell, taste, touch, walking, carnal delectation ", the last phrase corresponding to the part of the body that was touched ; however, in the words of the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, " the unction of the loins is generally, if not universally, omitted in English-speaking countries, and it is of course everywhere forbidden in case of women ".

The Latin Vulgate, as well as the Douay Rheims Bible, has an additional note ( not present in the Greek text ), " in Latin Exterminans ", exterminans being the Latin word for " destroyer ".

The word amputation is derived from the Latin amputare, " to cut away ", from ambi-(" about ", " around ") and putare (" to prune ").

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The largest alphabets in the narrow sense include Kabardian and Abkhaz ( for Cyrillic ), with 58 and 56 letters, respectively, and Slovak ( for the Latin script ), with 46.

Throughout Latin America the word Gringo is also used for any foreigner from the United States, Canada, or Europe, however the true sense of the word is any foreigner.

) If ball-was native in Germanic, it may have been a cognate with the Latin foll-is in sense of a " thing blown up or inflated.

The government's economic policy and democratic security strategy have engendered a growing sense of confidence in the economy, particularly within the business sector, and GDP growth in 2003 was among the highest in Latin America, at over 4 %.

Long after the Roman census was no longer taken, the Latin word lustrum has survived, and been adopted in some modern languages, in the derived sense of a period of five years, i. e. half a decennium.

Dominatrix is the feminine form of the Latin dominator, a ruler or lord, and was originally used in a non-sexual sense.

Sapir insisted that the discipline of linguistics was of integral importance for ethnographic description, arguing that just as nobody would dream of discussing the history of the Catholic Church without knowing Latin or study German folksongs without knowing German, so it made little sense to approach the study of Indigenous folklore without knowledge of the indigenous languages.

* Fabrica Ecclesiae, a Roman Catholic Latin term, meaning, etymologically, the construction of a church, but in a broader sense the funds necessary for such construction.

Baslieus, a title which had long been used for Alexander the Great was already in common usage as the Greek word for the Roman emperor, but its definition and sense was " King " in Greek, essentially equivalent with the Latin Rex.

Aristotle was considered to give a more important position to sense perception than Plato, and commentators in the middle ages summarized one of his positions as " nihil in intellectu nisi prius fuerit in sensu " ( Latin for " nothing in the intellect without first being in the senses ").

In many European languages, the word for " case " is cognate to the English word, all stemming from the Latin casus, related to the verb cadere, " to fall ", with the sense that all other cases have fallen away from the nominative.

This is the sense in which teachers say that Latin has four conjugations of verbs.

During this time, the concept of " reform " emerged, in the original sense of the Latin verb re-formare, to regain an earlier shape that had been lost.

The term is derived from the wider senses of the word historia in Latin and Italian, and essentially means " story painting ", rather than the painting of scenes from history in its narrower sense in modern English, for which the term historical painting may be used, especially for 19th century art.

At one time, the word, " Engine " ( from Latin, via Old French, ingenium, " ability ") meant any piece of machinery — a sense that persists in expressions such as siege engine.

It was introduced into Middle English, both in the generic Latin sense, and in the narrow modern sense.

The generic Latin sense preserved throughout the Middle English period.

The English term is based on the Latin word jurisprudentia: juris is the genitive form of jus meaning " law ", and prudentia means " prudence " ( also: discretion, foresight, forethought, circumspection ; refers to the exercise of good judgment, common sense, and even caution, especially in the conduct of practical matters ).

According to Richard Jeffrey, " Before the middle of the seventeenth century, the term ' probable ' ( Latin probabilis ) meant approvable, and was applied in that sense, univocally, to opinion and to action.

The term changed little with the Latin philologia, and later entered the English language in the 16th century, from the Middle French philologie, in the sense of " love of literature ".

The semantic development of post-classical Latin paganus in the sense " non-Christian, heathen " is unclear.

* ( i ) The older sense of classical Latin pāgānus is " of the country, rustic " ( also as noun ).

The epoch of Greek and Latin philosophy was based on being in a quite precise sense: the existence exercised by things independently of human apprehension and attitude.