Liberation psychology -

Liberation psychology or liberation social psychology is an approach to psychological science that aims to understand the psychology of oppressed and impoverished communities by addressing the oppressive sociopolitical structure in which they exist.

Martín-Baró ’ s book Writings for a Liberation Psychology is a seminal text in the field that discusses the role of psychology as socially transformative.

Liberation psychology critiques traditional psychology for its tradition of explaining human behavior independent of the sociopolitical, historical, and cultural context.

Liberation psychology addresses this by reorienting the focus from an individual to a social orientation.

Liberation psychology further criticizes traditional psychology for its ivory tower approach to understanding phenomena.

Liberation psychology challenges psychologists to understand the individual within the sociopolitical, cultural, and historical context.

He holds a BSc in Geography, submajoring in moral philosophy and psychology from the University of Aberdeen ( 1977 ), a financial MBA from the University of Edinburgh ( 1981 ), and in 2008 the Academy of Irish Cultural Heritages ( of which he is a Visiting Fellow ) at the University of Ulster approved the award of PhD by Published Work based on Soil and Soul and twelve supporting publications presented with a short linking thesis, ' Some Contributions of Liberation Theology to Community Empowerment in Scottish Land Reform 1991-2003 '.

* December 8 – Seven members of the Eritrean Liberation Front attempt to hijack Ethiopian Airlines Flight 708, a Boeing 720-060B with 87 other people on board, minutes after it departs Haile Selassie I International Airport in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Angola changed from a one-party Marxist-Leninist system ruled by the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( MPLA ), in place since independence in 1975, to a multiparty democracy based on a new constitution adopted in 1992.

* Liberation of Haile Selassie I from slavery.

* Liberation Day, celebrates the independence of Korea from Japan in 1945:

* 1982 – Lebanese Civil War: The first troops of a multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the Palestine Liberation Organization's withdrawal from Lebanon.

border by soldiers from the Sudan People's Liberation Army ( SPLA ), looking for safety during periods of attacks or drought.

Costa Rica also hosted several rounds of negotiations between the Salvadoran Government and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front ( FMLN ), aiding El Salvador's efforts to emerge from civil war and culminating in that country's 1994 free and fair elections.

" Cuba has also lent support to the prominent Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ) and the lesser-known Marxist-Leninist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ) both received training from Cuba's General Intelligence Directorate, as well as financial and diplomatic support from the Cuban government.

Initially, the M-19 attracted a degree of attention and sympathy from mainstream Colombians that the FARC and National Liberation Army ( ELN ) had found largely elusive earlier due to extravagant and daring operations, such as stealing a sword that had belonged to Colombia's Independence hero Simon Bolívar.

In Asia, Chinese armed forces use crossbows at all unit levels from traffic police to the special force Snow Leopard Commando Unit of the People's Armed Police and the People's Liberation Army.

This policy backfired when the MPLA won in Angola, and then, acting ostensibly at least as the ( Front for the National Liberation of the Congo ), occupied Zaire's Katanga Province, then known as Shaba, in March, 1977, facing little resistance from the FAZ.

A local battalion from French Somaliland participated in the Liberation of Paris in 1944.

PDFLP poster ( 1965 ), the caption of which reads: " Solidarity with the people of the Middle East in their struggle against imperialism, feudalism, Zionism and Arab reaction " In 1969, a faction of the left-wing Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP ) broke away from the main organization to form the Popular Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PDFLP ).

By contrast, Ahmad Jibril's Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command ( PFLP-GC ), which split away from Habash's organization in 1968, wanted to focus more on the tactical implementation of armed struggle.

* Elf Liberation Flight from the movie Santa Clause

Communist partisans in Yugoslavia had a much more practical role, helping to plan attacks and exchanging supplies, but communication between them and the Albanians was limited and letters would often arrive late, sometimes well after a plan had been agreed upon by the National Liberation Army without consultation from the Yugoslav partisans.

Albanians celebrate their independence day on 28 November ( which is the date on which they declared their independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912 ), while in the former People's Socialist Republic of Albania the National Liberation festivity date was 29 November.

* Liberation from the Alberoni Occupation ( San Marino )

* Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement, Special Collections Library, Duke University

The group formed the National Liberation Council, which was to rule Ghana from 1966 to 1969.

The largest resistance group, the National Liberation Front ( EAM ), was controlled by the Communists, as was ( Elas ) led by Aris Velouchiotis and a civil war soon broke out between it and non-Communist groups such as the National Republican Greek League ( EDES ) in those areas liberated from the Germans.

In September 1942, the party organized a popular front organization, the National Liberation Movement ( NLM ), from a number of resistance groups, including several that were strongly anticommunist.

Though the 1960s and 1970s brought positive changes such as Women's Liberation and the Civil Rights Movement, Mormon leaders were alarmed by the erosion of traditional values, the sexual revolution, the widespread use of recreational drugs, moral relativism, and other forces they saw as damaging to the family.

Nueva canción renewed traditional Latin American folk music, and was soon associated with revolutionary movements, the Latin American New Left, Liberation Theology, hippie and human rights movements due to political lyrics.

Built in a traditional style, it hosts numerous records and monuments from Ottoman Rule and the ' Serbian Liberation wars ' period.

* Liberation Rite of Water and Land ( 水陸法會 ): An elaborate and large traditional Chinese Buddhism, which involves inviting beings from higher realms to help beings in the lower realms escape from their suffering.

Battle Network 5 also introduces Liberation Missions, a mode that combines traditional NetBattling with turn-based strategy games.

The Sexual Revolution, Woman's Liberation, the Civil Rights movement, and the anti-war effort seemed to clash with the traditional values of the institutionalized church.

All government operations were assumed by the permanent secretaries of the individual departments, and this arrangement lasted until the Liberation of Denmark on 5 May 1945.

2007 Twin launched Fairtrade nut company Liberation Foods CIC, which it co-owns with a number of producer organisations including National Smallholder Farmers ' Association of Malawi ( NASFAM ); Twin also became a membership organisation in 2007-inviting producer organisations in Latin America, Africa and Asia to join ( now 32 producer organisation members and 27 individual members )

See Ranks of the People's Liberation Army or the article on an individual rank for details on the evolution of rank and insignia in the PLAN.

See Ranks of the People's Liberation Army or the article on an individual rank for details on the evolution of rank and insignia in the PLAAF.

When former President Kolingba attempted a coup d ’ état in 2001 ( which was, according to Patassé, supported by France ), the Movement for the Liberation of Congo ( MLC ) of Jean-Pierre Bemba in DR Congo came to his rescue.

Since 1993, the Eritrean People ’ s Liberation Front army has been involved in tree planting ; the annual average rate of deforestation during 1990 – 2000 was 0. 3 percent.

Following the Liberation the PCF were infuriated by Sartre's philosophy, which appeared to lure young French men and women away from the ideology of communism and into Sartre ’ s own existentialism ( Scriven 1999: 13 ).

June 1991, former Liberain army fighters formed rebel group United Liberation Movement of Liberia for Democracy ( ULIMO ), entered western Liberia in September ’ 91, and gained territories from the NPFL.

In December 2009, a 96-page report titled Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora, compiled by the Advocates for Human Rights, documented human rights violations against the Oromo in Ethiopia under three successive regimes: the Abyssinian Empire under Haile Selassie, the Marxist Derg and the current Ethiopian government of the Ethiopian People ’ s Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), dominated by members of the Tigray People ’ s Liberation Front ( TPLF ) and which was accused to have arrested approximately 20, 000 suspected OLF members, to have driven most OLF leadership into exile, and to have effectively neutralized the OLF as a political force in Ethiopia.

The Communist Party of China created and leads the People ’ s Liberation Army.

Many local women ’ s groups in the late sixties, such as the UCLA Women ’ s Liberation Front ( WLF ), offered diplomatic statements of radical feminism ’ s ideologies.

This friction has been due to disputes including the self annexation of the Hatay Province to Turkey in 1939, water disputes resulting from the Southeastern Anatolia Project, and Syria ’ s support for the outlawed Kurdistan Worker's Party ( PKK ) and the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia ( ASALA ), but relations have improved greatly since October 1998 ; when PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan was expelled by Syrian authorities.

In his 1990 edition of Animal Liberation, Peter Singer said that he no longer ate oysters and mussels, because although the creatures might not suffer, they might, it ’ s not really known, and it ’ s easy enough to avoid eating them in any case ( and this aspect of seeking better alternatives is a prominent part of utilitarianism ).

** In Ceylon, a group calling themselves the People ’ s Liberation Front begins a rebellion against the Bandaranaike government.

Once the Women ’ s Liberation Movement grew between the 1960s and 1980s, however, critics began to take a closer look at both Shakespeare ’ s characterization of Egypt and Cleopatra and the work and opinions of other critics on the same matter.

The official Vietnamese history of the war states that, " The Liberation Army of South Vietnam Cong is a part of the People ’ s Army of Vietnam ".

Between 2, 500 and 5, 000 children served in the armed opposition group, the Sudan ’ s People ’ s Liberation Army ( SPLA ), in the south.

The children describe their dramatic recruitment and participation in the Maoist People ’ s Liberation Army during the eleven-year civil war between the Maoist insurgents and the Hindu monarchy controlled government of Nepal.

Examples are John Foster Dulles ’ position regarding the Soviet Union, or Israel ’ s initial position on the Palestinian Liberation Organization.

* In her book Scapegoat: The Jews, Israel, and Women ’ s Liberation, Andrea Dworkin stated that she wanted women to have their own country, " Womenland ," which, comparable to Israel, would serve as a " place of potential refuge ".

The People ’ s Liberation Army ( PLA ) deploys the world ’ s largest ground force, currently totaling some 1. 6 million personnel, or about 70 % of the PLA ’ s total manpower ( 2. 3 million in 2005 ).