According to Maimonides, an afterlife continues for the soul of every human being, a soul now separated from the body in which it was " housed " during its earthly existence.

In Montpellier, where he lived from 1303 to 1306, he was much distressed by the prevalence of Aristotelian rationalism, which in his opinion, through the medium of the works of Maimonides, threatened the authority of the Old Testament, obedience to the law, and the belief in miracles and revelation.

He mentions even with reverence the name of Maimonides, whose work he possessed and studied ; but he was more inclined toward the mysticism of Nachmanides.

In them he concentrated on the idea that prophetic inspiration was possible even in post-Talmudic times, and, indeed, had taken place at various times and in various schools, from the Geonim to Maimonides and beyond.

By the 12th century, the Mishneh Torah ( i. e., Rabbi Moses Maimonides ) was criticizing Christianity on the grounds of idol worship, in that Christians attributed divinity to Jesus who had a physical body.

Maimonides was concerned about the need for the law to guard itself in public perceptions, to preserve its majesty and retain the people's respect.

Maimonides was not the first Jewish thinker to criticise concubinage ; for example, it is severely condemned in Leviticus Rabbah.

As early as the 2nd century, however, some authorities declared this resurrection of the dead was a prophetic vision: an opinion regarded by Maimonides ( Guide for the Perplexed, II: 46 ) and his followers as the only rational explanation of the Biblical passage.

Besides the basic categories applied to the mitzvot in antiquity, during the medieval period Jewish law was classified by such works as Maimonides ' Mishneh Torah and Joseph Karo's Shulchan Aruch.

In Maimonides ' time, his list of tenets was criticized by Hasdai Crescas and Joseph Albo.

Anatoli was the son-in-law ( and possibly also the brother-in-law ) of Samuel ibn Tibbon, the well known translator of Maimonides.

Owing to this intimate connection with the ibn Tibbons, Anatoli was introduced to the philosophy of Maimonides, the study of which was such a great revelation to him that he, in later days, referred to it as the beginning of his intelligent and true comprehension of the Scriptures, while he frequently alluded to Ibn Tibbon as one of the two masters who had instructed and inspired him.

Mosheh ben Maimon ( משה בן מימון )‎, called Moses Maimonides and also known as Mūsā ibn Maymūn (), or RaMBaM ( רמב " ם – Hebrew acronym for " Rabbi Mosheh Ben Maimon "), was a preeminent medieval Jewish philosopher and one of the most prolific and followed Torah scholars and physicians of the Middle Ages.

Maimonides was not known as a supporter of mysticism, although a strong intellectualistic type of mysticism has been discerned in his philosophy.

Some say, though, that it is probable Maimonides feigned a conversion to Islam before escaping, his forced conversion was ruled legally invalid per Islamic law when brought up by a rival in Egypt.

With the loss of the family funds tied up in David's business venture, Maimonides was constrained to assume the vocation of physician, for which he was to become famous, having been trained in medicine in both Córdoba and in Fes.

Maimonides died on December 12, 1204 ( 20th of Tevet 4965 ) in Fustat, and it is widely believed that he was briefly buried in the study room ( beit hamidrash ) of the synagogue courtyard, and that, soon after, in accordance with his wishes, his remains were exhumed and taken to Tiberias where he was re-interred.

Maimonides and his wife, the daughter of one Mishael ben Yeshayahu Halevi, had one child, Avraham, who was recognized as a great scholar, and who succeeded him as Nagid and as court physician at the age of eighteen.

The office of Nagid was held by the Maimonides family for four successive generations until the end of the 14th century.

A popular medieval saying that also served as his epitaph states, From Mosheh ( of the Torah ) to Mosheh ( Maimonides ) there was none like Mosheh.

But Maimonides was also one of the most influential figures in medieval Jewish philosophy.

14 Nisan – ( 1135 ) – Maimonides born

The philosophers Moses Maimonides ( a Jew born in Muslim Spain ) and Ibn Khaldun ( born in modern-day Tunisia ), the father of sociology and historiography, were also important philosophers, though the latter did not identify himself as a falsafa, but rather a kalam author.

Maimonides, born in Cordoba, Spain, and Rashi, born in Troyes, France, are two of the best-known and most influential of these Jewish authors.

Manuscript page by Maimonides, one of the greatest Jewish scholars of Al Andalus, born in Córdoba ( Spain ) | Córdoba.

Maimonides shortly thereafter became instrumental in helping rescue Jews taken captive during the Christian King Amalric's siege of the Egyptian town of Bilbays.

According to Maimonides ( whose life began almost a hundred years after the end of the Gaonic era ), all Jewish communities during the Gaonic era formally accepted the Babylonian Talmud as binding upon themselves, and modern Jewish practice follows the Babylonian Talmud's conclusions on all areas in which the two Talmuds conflict.

( These three times, plus in some congregations the Aleinu prayer during the Musaf Amidah on Yom Kippur and Rosh Hashanah, are the only times in Jewish services when Jews engage in prostration, with the exception of some Yemenite Jews and talmedhei haRambam ( disciples of Maimonides ) who may prostrate themselves on other occasions during the year ).

Professor Shapiro lists the many medieval Rabbis discuss changes and additions that occurred during the time of Ezra the Scribe in his work ' The Limits of Orthodox Theology: Maimonides ' Thirteen Principles Reappraised '.

His reputation during the last thirty years of his life was greater than that of almost any other rabbi since Maimonides.

Saadia Gaon, David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas, Maimonides, and Thomas Aquinas, to name a few, knew of at least some of the Mutazilite work, particularly Avicennism and Averroism, and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek, Jewish, Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century, and taken during the Reconquista in 1492.

The work was being used by the Jews of India during Maimonides ' lifetime.

Jewish thought during this period flourished under famous figures such as Samuel Ha-Nagid, Moses ibn Ezra, Solomon ibn Gabirol Judah Halevi and Moses Maimonides.

Jesus is mentioned in Maimonides ' Epistle to Yemen, written about 1172 to Rabbi Jacob ben Netan ' el al-Fayyumi, head of the Yemen Jewish community during a time when Jews of that country were passing through a crisis inaugurated about 1165 by ' Abd-al-Nabi ibn Mahdi, and a campaign conducted by a recent convert to win them to his new faith.

The context of Maimonides ' mention of Jesus is during a portion retelling the history of those who tried to destroy Judaism 1 ) by the sword, 2 ) by controversies, and 3 ) by both conquest and controversy.

He had determined to go to Rome, but stopped short in Capua, where during the early 1260s he devoted himself with passionate zeal to the study of philosophy and of the Moreh Nebhukhin ( Guide for the Perplexed ) of Maimonides, under the tutelage of a philosopher and physician named Hillel — probably the well-known Hillel ben Samuel ben Eliezer of Verona.

On points not explicitly covered by Maimonides, such as the exact mode of prostration during prayers, there is considerable competition to unearth the most authentic mode from among the various Yemenite practices found in recorded history.

The Rashba defended Rambam ( Maimonides ) during contemporary debates over his works, and he authorized the translation of Rambam's commentary on the Mishnah from Arabic to Hebrew.

The origins of what has come to be known as Occam's razor are traceable to the works of earlier philosophers such as John Duns Scotus ( 1265 – 1308 ), Maimonides ( Moses ben-Maimon, 1138 – 1204 ), and even Aristotle ( 384 – 322 BC ) ( Charlesworth 1956 ).

Although the dominant strain in Judaism is that God is personal, there is an " alternate stream of tradition exemplified by ... Maimonides ," who, along with several other Jewish philosophers, rejected the idea of a personal God, a reflecting of his belief in negative theology, the idea that God can only be described by what God is not.

Several Orthodox scholars write that the popular Orthodox understanding of these principles are not at all what Maimonides held to be true.

Maimonides ' theory of prophecy contains two elements ( 1 ) an explanation of what prophecy is, and ( 2 ) a ranking of the various types of prophecy and prophecy-like phenomena.

Maimonides writes that to the wise man, one sees that what the Bible and Talmud refer to as " angels " are actually allusions for the various laws of nature ; they are the principles by which the physical universe operates.

Avraham son of Rambam, continued fighting for his father's beliefs in the East ; desecration of Maimonides ' tomb, at Tiberias by Jews, was a profound shock to Jews throughout the Diaspora and caused all to pause and reflect upon what was being done to the fabric of Jewish Culture.

Most of what is known of them comes from Ibn Wahshiyya's The Nabatean Agriculture, and the translation of this by Maimonides.

" There were even times when Maimonides disagreed with what was being taught in the name of the Geonim.

Maimonides himself states a few times in his work that he possessed what he considered to be more accurate texts of the Talmud than what most people possessed at his time.

Ironically, while Maimonides refrained from citing sources out of concern for brevity ( or perhaps because he designed his work to be used without studying the Talmud or other sources first ), the result has often been the opposite of what he intended.

In response to a letter from the Rabbis of Lunel, France requesting him to translate his Guide of the Perplexed from Arabic to Hebrew, Maimonides applauded their piety in light of what he viewed as the general stagnation of religiosity throughout the rest of the Jewish world.

He uses the name Yeshua for Jesus ( an attested equivalent of the name unlike Yeshu ) and follows it with HaNotzri showing that regardless of what meaning had been intended in the Talmudic occurrences of this term, Maimonides understood it as an equivalent of Nazarene.

This halachic ruling gave the Aleppo Codex what is for Jews the seal of supreme textual authority, even though Maimonides only quoted it for paragraphing and other details of formatting, and not for the text itself ( see discussion ).

# to restore what they believed to be a rational approach to Judaism rooted in authentic sources, including the Talmud, Saadia Gaon and especially Maimonides ;

Furthermore, the current text of the Talmud is fairly corrupt with numerous textual variants ; from this, coupled with Maimonides ' indications that he had far more accurate and complete Talmudic texts available to him, they conclude that the Mishneh Torah provides the best access to what the Talmud must originally have intended.

Maimonides sometimes uses the term " Geonim " in an extended sense, to mean " leading authorities ", regardless of what country they lived in.

Maimonides was strongly against what he believed to be a heresy present in unlearned Jews who then assume God to be corporeal ( or even possessing positive characteristics ).

This was done by close textual analysis of the word in the Tanach in order to present what Maimonides saw as the proof that according to the Tanach, God is completely incorporeal: " Rambam set up the incorporeality of God as a dogma, and placed any person who denied this doctrine upon a level with an idolater ; he devoted much of the first part of the " Moreh Nevukhim " to the interpretation of the Biblical anthropomorphisms, endeavoring to define the meaning of each and to identify it with some transcendental metaphysical expression.

Maimonides cites many examples of what he sees as the incapability of the masses of understanding these concepts.

It is well documented that Moses Ibn Ezra and the prominent philosopher Moses Maimonides had varying definitions of what represented a metaphor.