Mao Zedong ( Máo zé dōng ) added Marxism, Stalinism, and other communist thought.

Den was influenced by Mao Tse-Tung ’ s view of peasantry, so he thought drumming was rooted in the bodies that physically worked the land.

During this period Mao clearly established himself as a Marxist theoretician and produced the bulk of the works which would later be canonized into the " thought of Mao Zedong ".

# The Formative Maoist Period from 1927 – 1935: In this period, Mao avoided all theoretical implications in his literature and employed a minimum of Marxist category thought.

" In the 1930 ’ s, when Mao talked about contradiction, he meant the contradiction between subjective thought and objective reality.

In its post-revolutionary period, Mao Zedong's thought is defined in the CPC's Constitution as " Marxism-Leninism applied in a Chinese context ", synthesized by Mao Zedong and China's " first-generation leaders ".

In February 1957, Mao gave one of his most famous addresses in which he said " Let a hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of thought contend.

Differing views and solutions to national policy were encouraged based on the famous expression by Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong: " The policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend is designed to promote the flourishing of the arts and the progress of science ".

Until Mao Zedong's death, Kunming was still generally thought in much of the rest of the country as a remote frontier settlement and so it acted as a place up to then for the government to exile people who had fallen politically out of favor, especially during the Cultural Revolution.

Mao thought that the Soviets were retreating ideologically and militarily — from Marxism-Leninism and the global struggle to achieve global communism, and by apparently no longer guaranteeing support to China in a Sino-American war ; therefore, the roots of the Sino-Soviet ideological split were established by 1959.

He closed the schools and universities and organized the students in the Red Guard, a thought police politically commissioned to discover, denounce, and persecute teachers, intellectuals, and government officials who might be counter-revolutionaries and secret bourgeois, all of which enforced the cult of personality of Chairman Mao.

Anti-revisionists aligned with Enver Hoxha and the line of the Albanian party of labor argue that Mao Zedong thought is itself a form of revisionism.

Mao own position was weakening, as evidenced by the decision of the Eighth Congress to delete the phrase “ guided by the thought of Mao Zedong ” from the new Party constitution and by re-establishing the role of General Secretary, abolished in 1937.

He confessed that he had not properly understood the thought of Mao Zedong and agreed that his works should be burned.

Some schools of thought suggest that the New Left wants to return to the mass political movements of the Mao Zedong era and an abandonment of capitalist practices, while others believe that it blends the open markets of capitalism while still maintaining socialist aspects of the community, particularly in rural China.

No doubt Hitler and Stalin and Mao, Napoleon and Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, Attila the Hun and Nebuchadnezzar, all thought of themselves as being on the side of good.

* Mao Tsetung thought versus opportunism: against the social-chauvinism of the October League: against " The Guardian's " revisionist yellow journalism: on the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Chicago: COUSML, 1976

* Mao Tsetung and Mao Tsetung thought are anti-Marxist-Leninist and revisionist Ill.: COUSML, 1979

1 – 111 ( 1938 – 52 ), a groundbreaking and controversial attempt to teach literary Chinese through carefully glossed excerpts from standard classical texts ; Newspaper Chinese by the Inductive Method ( 1943 ), an effort to apply identical pedagogical techniques to the analysis of Chinese newspapers ; Confucius, the Man and the Myth ( 1949 ), a critical analysis of the philosopher Confucius ; Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung ( 1953 ), a survey of Chinese thought ; The Origins of Statecraft in China, Vol.

Gao thought he had Mao Zedong's approval for such a move and he began to approach senior cadres asking for support in the summer of 1953.

Now the party secretary for Hunan, Mao stationed himself in Changsha, from where he went on a recruitment drive to gain support for the Communist Party.

Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 are now also widely regarded as part of the Revolution.

On April 6, 1967, Liu Shaoqi was openly and widely denounced by a Zhongnanhai faction whose members included Jiang Qing and Kang Sheng, and ultimately, Mao himself.

It initially targeted Zhang Chunqiao and Yao Wenyuan, but would later involve Mao himself.

On January 15 Deng Xiaoping delivered Zhou's official eulogy in a funeral attended by all of China's most senior leaders with the notable absence of Mao himself, who had grown increasingly critical of Zhou.

A small number of slogans left at Tiananmen even attacked Mao himself, and his Cultural Revolution.

But it diluted blame on Mao himself by asserting that the movement was " manipulated by the counterrevolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing ", who caused its worst excesses.

Mao had always envisioned himself as a wartime guerrilla leader, which made him wary of the bureaucratic details of peacetime governance.

Mao himself is officially regarded by the CPC as a " great revolutionary leader " for his role in fighting the Japanese and creating the People's Republic of China, but Maoism as implemented between 1959 and 1976 is regarded by today's CPC as an economic and political disaster.

In Deng's day, support of radical Maoism was regarded as a form of " left deviationism " and being based on a cult of personality, although these ' errors ' are officially attributed to the Gang of Four rather than to Mao himself.

In December 1931, Zhou replaced Mao Zedong as Secretary of the First Front Army with Xiang Ying, and made himself political commissar of the Red Army, in place of Mao.

Following the Great Leap Forward ( 1958 – 1961 ), Mao was highly criticized within the CCP, and turned to Jiang, among others, to support himself and persecute his enemies.

She was supported by a radical coterie, dubbed, by Mao himself, the Gang of Four.

" When the Soviet premier himself visited China the following year, Mao again asked him to explain what a joint fleet was.

In both national politics and Chinese popular culture, Mao established himself as a demigod accountable to no one, purging any that he suspected of opposing him and directing the masses and Red Guards " to destroy virtually all state and party institutions ".

The theory of Three Represents was believed by many political analysts to be Jiang's effort at extending his vision to Marxist – Leninist principles, and therefore elevating himself alongside previous Chinese Marxist philosophers Mao and Deng.

The word " Fān " was formerly used by the Chinese almost innocently in the sense of ' aborigines ' to refer to ethnic groups in South China, and Mao Zedong himself once used it in 1938 in a speech advocating equal rights for the various minority peoples.

Mao's personal physician Li Zhisui, on the other hand, suggests that the campaign was " a gamble, based on a calculation that genuine counterrevolutionaries were few, that rebels like Hu Feng had been permanently intimidated into silence, and that other intellectuals would follow Mao's lead, speaking out only against the people and practices Mao himself most wanted to subject to reform.

Mao, however, seems to have refused to do so himself.

The exact reason why Mao Zedong refused to reinstate the presidency was unclear, however it is now known that Mao did not want his political struggle with Liu Shaoqi to be remembered as his attempt to claim the title of the presidency for himself.

Inspired by the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the thought of Mao Zedong, and in cooperation with the Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser, Bettelheim was opposed to " economism " and to the " primacy of the means of production " of traditional Marxism: against the idea that socialist transformation of social bonds was a necessary effect of the development of the forces of production ( liberating those bonds from them, according to Marxist orthodoxy, since private property dominates them in " bourgeois " society ), he affirmed the necessity for actively and politically transforming social connections.