* 1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople ( Istanbul ), which falls on May 29.

* 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II.

* 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.

His sons were: Mustafa IV ( 1807 – 08 ) ( his son by Ayşe Seniyeperver ), Mahmud II ( 1808 – 39 ) ( his son by Naksh-i-Dil Haseki ), Murad, Nusret, Mehmed, Ahmed, and Süleyman.

Bursa remained to be the most important administrative and commercial center in the empire until Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453.

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.

Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.

On 29 May 1453, Turkish sultan Mehmed II " the Conqueror " entered Constantinople after a 53 – day siege during which his cannon had torn a huge hole in the Walls of Theodosius II.

The Ottoman sultan Mehmed II and Gennadius II.

* 1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.

Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg's heraldic emblem, an Albanian force held off Ottoman campaigns for twenty-five years and overcame sieges of Krujë led by the forces of the Ottoman sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

* 1462 – Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack ) forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.

The discontent grew to open rebellion, fed by both Ottoman and British money and support: Bashir II fled, the Ottoman empire reasserted control and Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha, whose sole term as Grand Vizier ran from 1839 to 1841, appointed another member of the Shihab family, who styled himself Bashir III.

als: Mehmed II.

az: II Mehmed

bs: Mehmed II

cs: Mehmed II.

de: Mehmed II.

et: Mehmed II

es: Mehmed II

Mehmed had begun the siege on April 6, 1453.

Mehmed had his people pave a path from oiled tree branches in order to bring eighty ships overland, and placed them into the gulf behind the enemy ships.

Evidence of the bias toward portraying Mehmed as an intelligent military leader is reflected in the statement: " The sultan ordered the setting up of his secret weapon which he had invented himself.

Mehmed ’ s main concern with Constantinople had to do with rebuilding the city ’ s defenses and repopulation.

Another youth Mehmed found attractive, and who was presumably more accommodating, was Radu III the Fair, the brother of the famous Vlad the Impaler, “ Radu, a hostage in Istanbul whose good looks had caught the Sultan ’ s fancy, and who was thus singled out to serve as one of his most favored pages .” After the defeat of Vlad, Mehmed placed Radu on the throne of Wallachia as a vassal ruler.

Reign of Mehmed I, as Sultan of the re-united empire, had lasted only eight years.

Mehmed I also completed the mosque at Bursa, which his grandfather Murad I had commenced, but which had been neglected during in reign of Bayezid.

The power had only been maintained under Selim II by the genius of the all-powerful Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokollu who remained in office until his assassination in October 1579.

Ottoman defeats in the war caused Mehmed III to take personal command of the army, the first sultan to do so since Suleyman I. Mehmed III's armies conquered Eger in 1596 and defeated the Habsburg and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Keresztes ( Turkish for Battle of Hacova ) during which the Sultan had to be dissuaded from fleeing the field halfway through the battle.

The honorary and informal Islamic title Hadji ( Turkish: Hacı ) in Piri's ( Hadji Ahmed Muhiddin Piri ) and his father's ( Hadji Mehmed Piri ) names indicate that they had completed the Hajj ( Islamic pilgrimage ) by going to Mecca during the dedicated period of Hadjj and fulfilling the required rituals.

Suleiman soon made preparations for the conquest of Belgrade from the Kingdom of Hungary — something his great-grandfather Mehmed II had failed to achieve.

Eventually Mehmed had this church demolished to make way for his Fatih Mosque, and Gennadius moved again to the Church of the Pammakaristos.

The full reason for this step commonly attributed to his disappointment at the sultan's treatment of Christians, though Mehmed seems to have kept the fairly tolerant conditions he had allowed to them ; various writers hint darkly at other motives ( see Michalcescu, op.

After he had made peace with the Karaman Emirate in Anatolia in August 1444, he resigned the throne to his twelve year-old son Mehmed II.

Angry at his father, who had long since retired to a contemplative life in southwestern Anatolia, Mehmed II wrote, " If you are the Sultan, come and lead your armies.

The younger brother of Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ), Suleiman II was born at Topkapı Palace in Constantinople and had spent most of his life in the kafes ( cage ), a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blood within the Topkapı Palace ( it was designed to ensure that none could organize a rebellion ).

Mehmed made several unsuccessful sallies against his brother's troops, and was obliged to re-cross the Bosporus to quell a revolt that had broken out in his own territories.

Another fortress, Rumelihisarı, was built between 1451 and 1452 by Sultan Mehmed II opposite of Anadoluhisarı on the European side in order to obtain absolute control over the sea traffic of the Bosporus Strait, which was especially vital for the Genoese in Galata, who were allied with the Byzantines and had colonies in the Black Sea such as Caffa, Sinop and Amasra.

Sultan Mehmed II reinforced the fortress with a 2 m thick wall around it, which had three watchtowers.

Meanwhile, the Ottoman issue had again become acute, and, after the fall of Constantinople in 1453, it seemed natural that Sultan Mehmed II was rallying his resources in order to subjugate Hungary.

Mehmed also had a blood lineage to the Byzantine Imperial family ; his predecessor, Sultan Orhan I had married a Byzantine princess, and Mehmed may have claimed descent from John Tzelepes Komnenos.