If the electronic charge shifts from the MO with metal-like character to the ligand-like one, the complex is called a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ( MLCT ) complex.

Thus various reactions like electrophilic attack and radical reactions on the reduced ligand, oxidative addition at the metal center due to the reduced ligand, and outer sphere charge-transfer reactions can be attributed to states arising from MLCT transitions.

In non-polar solvents such as hexane, no charge-transfer complexes is formed, and the solution appears violet ( λ < sub > max </ sub > = 520-540 nm ) since the energy gap in I < sub > 2 </ sub > in non-polar solvents is essentially the same as that in the gas phase.

Most pigments are charge-transfer complexes, like transition metal compounds, with broad absorption bands that subtract most of the colors of the incident white light.

Most of these electronic transitions are from one conjugated π-system molecular orbital ( MO ) with an even kind of symmetry to an other conjugated π-system MO with an odd kind of symmetry ( π to π < sup >*</ sup >), but electrons from other states can also be promoted to a π-system MO ( n to π < sup >*</ sup >) as often happens in charge-transfer complexes.

Pigments and dyes like these are charge-transfer complexes.

These are organic charge-transfer complexes and various linear-backbone conductive polymers derived from polyacetylene.

At least locally, charge-transfer complexes often exhibit similar conduction mechanisms to inorganic semiconductors.

Mainly due to low mobility, even unpaired electrons may be stable in charge-transfer complexes.

Superconductivity in charge-transfer complexes was first reported in the Bechgaard salt ( TMTSF )< sub > 2 </ sub > PF < sub > 6 </ sub > in 1980.

In inorganic chemistry, most charge-transfer complexes involve electron transfer between metal atoms and ligands.

The charge-transfer bands in transition metal complexes result from shift of charge density between molecular orbitals ( MO ) that are predominantly metal in character and those that are predominantly ligand in character.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy is also a powerful technique to assign and characterize charge-transfer bands in these complexes.

3 ) lend themselves extremely well to forming charge-transfer complexes.

In 1954 researchers at Bell Laboratories and elsewhere reported charge-transfer complexes with resistivities as low as 8 ohms · cm in combinations of perylene with iodine or bromine.

For charge-transfer complexes and conjugated systems the band width is determined by a variety of factors.

The colors are intense and seem to be caused by Cu ( I )- Hg ( II ) charge-transfer complexes.

When the brown solution of iodine in strong donor solvents were heated, a color transition from brown to violet is observed as the weakly-bonded charge-transfer complex dissociates into to free solvent and iodine molecules.

If the transfer occurs from the MO with ligand-like character to the metal-like one, the complex is called a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer ( LMCT ) complex.

When iodine is dissolved in polar solvents which are strong donor solvents such as ketones, ethers, pyridine, the formation of charge-transfer complex leads to modification of the energy gap between the two molecular orbitals, thus different wavelengths were absorbed and iodine has different color in solvents with different polarity.

In the 1950s, it was discovered that polycyclic aromatic compounds formed semi-conducting charge-transfer complex salts with halogens.

In the 1950s, researchers discovered that polycyclic aromatic compounds formed semi-conducting charge-transfer complex salts with halogens.

A well-known example is the blue charge-transfer band exhibited by iodine when combined with starch.

The charge-transfer association occurs in a chemical equilibrium with the independent donor ( D ) and acceptor ( A ) molecules:

In such chromophores, the charge-transfer ( CT ) transitions of the metal complex generally enhance metal-ligand stretching modes, as well as some of modes associated with the ligands alone.

Hence, in a biomolecule such as haemoglobin, tuning the laser to near the charge-transfer electronic transition of the iron center results in a spectrum reflecting only the stretching and bending modes associated with the tetrapyrrole-iron group.

An example is where a polymeric chain of the charge-transfer complex < sup > n +</ sup > exists in the compound.

UV / Vis CD is used to investigate charge-transfer transitions.

In acquiring QRG, Atmel also inherited an ongoing patent lawsuit that QRG had filed against Apple Inc. in 2005 alleging infringement of one of its charge-transfer based patents in the iPod click-wheel ; the case was later settled.

Together they may undergo charge-transfer reactions.

In 1972, researchers found metallic conductivity in the charge-transfer complex TTF-TCNQ.

A charge-transfer complex ( CT complex ) or electron-donor-acceptor complex is an association of two or more molecules, or of different parts of one very large molecule, in which a fraction of electronic charge is transferred between the molecular entities.

The nature of the attraction in a charge-transfer complex is not a stable chemical bond, and is thus much weaker than covalent forces.

Optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique to characterize charge-transfer bands.

Some complexes exhibit a strong absorption band in the visible light region, which is called metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( MLCT ) or ligand-to-metal charge transfer ( LMCT ).

The photoreactivity of MLCT complexes result from the nature of the oxidized metal and the reduced ligand.

Though the states of traditional MLCT complexes like Ru ( bipy )< sub > 3 </ sub >< sup > 2 +</ sup > and Re ( bipy )( CO )< sub > 3 </ sub > Cl were intrinsically not reactive, several MLCT complexes have been synthesized that are characterized by reactive MLCT states.

Terpyridine complexes, like other polypyridine complexes, exhibit characteristic optical and electrochemical properties: metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( MLCT ) in the visible region, reversible reduction and oxidation, and fairly intense luminescence.

Such cases include transition metal complexes ( such as ruthenium tris-2, 2 '- bipyridine ) whose luminescence comes from an excited ( nominally triplet ) metal-to-ligand charge transfer ( MLCT ) state, but which is not a true triplet-state in the strict sense of the definition ; and colloidal quantum dots, whose emissive state does not have either a purely singlet or triplet spin.

In addition to containing A-and B-terms, this example demonstrates the effects of spin-orbit coupling in metal to ligand charge transfer ( MLCT ) transitions.

Depending on the direction of charge transfer they are either classified as ligand-to-metal ( LMCT ) or metal-to-ligand ( MLCT ) charge transfer ..