Another Semitic etymology compares Assyrian barīrītu, the name of a female demon found in Middle Babylonian and Late Babylonian texts.

The oldest catalogues of stars and constellations are from Old Babylonian astronomy, beginning in the Middle Bronze Age.

Though many cultures co-existed in Mesopotamia, Babylonian culture gained a degree of prominence among the literate classes throughout the Middle East.

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).

He was deposed by the powerful Assyrian king Ashur-uballit I, who sacked Babylon, annexed Babylonian territory for the Middle Assyrian Empire, and installed Kurigalzu II ( 1345 BC-1324 BC ) as ruler.

Mizrahim are Jews descended from the Jewish communities of the Middle East, Central Asia and the Caucasus, largely originating from the Babylonian Jewry of the classic period.

Additionally, Achziv is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, and by the relating Middle Age commentators, concerning the location of Achziv in regards to historical borders of Israel.

The most notable architectural remains from early Mesopotamia are the temple complexes at Uruk from the 4th millennium BC, temples and palaces from the Early Dynastic period sites in the Diyala River valley such as Khafajah and Tell Asmar, the Third Dynasty of Ur remains at Nippur ( Sanctuary of Enlil ) and Ur ( Sanctuary of Nanna ), Middle Bronze Age remains at Syrian-Turkish sites of Ebla, Mari, Alalakh, Aleppo and Kultepe, Late Bronze Age palaces at Bogazkoy ( Hattusha ), Ugarit, Ashur and Nuzi, Iron Age palaces and temples at Assyrian ( Kalhu / Nimrud, Khorsabad, Nineveh ), Babylonian ( Babylon ), Urartian ( Tushpa / Van Kalesi, Cavustepe, Ayanis, Armavir, Erebuni, Bastam ) and Neo-Hittite sites ( Karkamis, Tell Halaf, Karatepe ).

Akkadian literature is the ancient literature written in the Akkadian language ( Assyrian and Babylonian languages ) written in Mesopotamia ( Assyria and Babylonia ) during the period spanning the Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age ( roughly the 23rd to 6th centuries BC ).

* Middle Elamite period: c. 1500 BC – 1100 BC ( Anzanite dynasty until the Babylonian invasion of Susa )

The term derives from tablet inscriptions appended by a scribe to the end of an ancient Near East ( e. g., Early / Middle / Late Babylonian, Assyrian, Canaanite ) text such as a chapter, book, manuscript, or record.

The Middle East Museum exhibition displays objects, found by German archeologists and others, from the areas of Assyrian, Sumerian and Babylonian culture.

While it sometimes kept that sense in later periods, from Middle Assyrian and Babylonian times on it is generally used to refer to the gods of heaven collectively, just as the term Anunnakku ( Anuna ) was later used to refer to the gods of the underworld.

The history of scholarly celestial divination is therefore generally reported to begin with late Old Babylonian texts ( 1800 BC ), continuing through the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian periods ( 1200 BC ).

Aside the regions of Israel and Judea Jews have lived in the Middle East at least since the Babylonian Captivity ( 597 BCE ), about 2, 600 years ago.

Contacts with Middle Eastern communities were strengthened, and it was during this time that the influence of the Babylonian academies of Sura and Pumbedita was at its greatest.

Babylonian religion is the religious practice of the Chaldeans, from the Old Babylonian period in the Middle Bronze Age until the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the Early Iron Age.

His cult flourished from the Early Dynastic III Period until the Middle Babylonian Period, after which his name is no longer attested in the personal names of individuals.

The Arabic alphabet, Hebrew alphabet, Syriac alphabet, and other abjads of the Middle East are developments of the Aramaic alphabet, but because these writing systems are largely consonant-based they are often not considered true alphabets.

In the Middle East, Aramaic gave rise to the Hebrew and Nabataean abjads, which retained many of the Aramaic letter forms.

The Aramaic alphabet is historically significant, since virtually all modern Middle Eastern writing systems use a script that can be traced back to it, as well as numerous non-Chinese writing systems of Central and East Asia.

Aramaic gradually became the lingua franca throughout the Middle East, with the script at first complementing and then displacing Assyrian cuneiform as the predominant writing system.

* Several Aramaic targums of Esther were produced in the Middle Ages of which two survive-the Targum Rishon (" First Targum ") and Targum Sheni (" Second Targum ") dated c. 500-1000 CE.

The primary language of Babylon ( and the administrative and cultural language of the Sassanid Empire ) at that time was Eastern Middle Aramaic, which included three main dialects: Judeo-Aramaic ( the language of the Talmud ), Mandaean Aramaic ( the language of the Mandaean religion ), and Syriac Aramaic, which was the language of Mani, as well as of the Syriac Christians.

Syriac ( ) is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent.

Syriac is a Middle Aramaic language, and as such a language of the Northwestern branch of the Semitic family.

A peculiar system of logograms developed within the Pahlavi scripts ( developed from the Aramaic abjad ) used to write Middle Persian during much of the Sassanid period ; the logograms were composed of letters that spelled out the word in Aramaic but were pronounced as in Persian ( for instance, the combination " M-L-K " would be pronounced " shah ").

The Arabic name of Babylonia, al-ʿIrāq, is thought to be derived from the name Uruk, via Aramaic ( Erech ) and possibly Middle Persian ( Erāq ) transmission.

It is perhaps related to the Middle Hebrew and Jewish Aramaic word dgnʾ ' be cut open ' or to Arabic dagn ( دجن ) ' rain -( cloud )'.

The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before switching to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian.

The late Old Aramaic language of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire and Achaemenid Persian Empire developed into the Middle Aramaic Syriac language of Persian Assyria which would become the liturgical language of Syriac Christianity.

It is also related to Syriac, another member of the Eastern Aramaic sub-family, which is the liturgical language of many Christian denominations throughout the Middle East.

Six of his major works were written in Syriac Aramaic and the seventh, dedicated to the king of the empire, Shapur I, was written in Middle Persian.

Aramaic remained the lingua franca of the Middle East until the time of Islam.

During the early Middle Ages, Aramaic continued to be the principal Jewish language.

Other forms of written Middle Persian include Pazend, a system derived from Avestan that, unlike Pahlavi, indicated vowels and did not employ Aramaic logograms.

Like all the writing systems employed for Middle Iranian languages, the Sogdian script ultimately derives from the Aramaic script.

Theodor Nöldeke, believed that Dhul-Qarnayn was none other than Alexander the Great ( a dialect of Middle Aramaic ).

It is a main flavoring for halvah, the candy of the Middle East.

The most widely spoken Afroasiatic language is Arabic ( including all its colloquial varieties ), with 230 million native speakers, spoken mostly in the Middle East and North Africa.

In the Middle Bronze Age an apparently " alphabetic " system known as the Proto-Sinaitic script is thought by some to have been developed in the Sinai peninsula during the 19th century BC, by Canaanite workers in the Egyptian turquoise mines.

Agnostida is an order of arthropod which first developed near the end of the Early Cambrian period and thrived during the Middle Cambrian.

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

: Christie ’ s Murder in Mesopotamia is the most archaeologically influenced of all her novels as it is set in the Middle East at an archaeological dig site and associated expedition house.

), is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia.

[...] It is not as philosophically thorough as the works of D. Saliba, A. M. Goichon, or L. Gardet, but it is probably the best essay in English on this important thinker of the Middle Ages.

According to Scott Simpson, the Gona Project's physical anthropologist, the fossil evidence from the Middle Awash indicates that both A. kadabba and A. ramidus lived in " a mosaic of woodland and grasslands with lakes, swamps and springs nearby ," but further research is needed to determine which habitat Ardipithecus at Gona preferred.

Among his very numerous works two poems entitle him to a distinguished place in the Latin literature of the Middle Ages ; one of these, the De planctu naturae, is an ingenious satire on the vices of humanity.

It is also known as " love lies bleeding "— it was used in the Middle Ages to stem bleeding.

It was much in vogue during the Middle Ages, but its historical value is now regarded as slight.

This is not to be confused with what the Arabs call the " Hindi numerals ", namely the Eastern Arabic numerals (---------) used in the Middle East, or any of the numerals currently used in Indian languages ( e. g. Devanagari: ).

The Alaska site provides more protection against North Korean missiles or launches from Russia or China, but is likely less effective against missiles launched from the Middle East.

In particular, we cannot in general claim that " P or not P " is true ( the law of Excluded Middle ), since in some cases we may not be able to prove the statement " P " nor prove the statement " not P ".

His sacral masterpiece and one of the most famous religious works of art of the later Middle Ages is The Legend of St. Sebastian and The Passion of Christ of the so called Sebastian Altar in St. Florian's Priory ( Stift Sankt Florian ) near Linz, Upper Austria.

The Aberdeen Bestiary is related to other bestiaries of the Middle Ages and especially the Ashmole Bestiary.

Alexander is known for reflecting the works of several other Middle Age thinkers, especially those of Saint Anselm, and Saint Augustine.

Middle aged Fredrik Egerman is a successful lawyer.

Continuing from Evil Dead II, Ash Williams is trapped in the Middle Ages and battles the undead in his quest to return to the present.

It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia.

* In addition, Finnish, a Baltic-Finnic language, has calqued the Swedish term as Itämeri " East Sea ", disregarding the geography ( the sea is west of Finland ), though understandably since Finland was a part of Sweden from the Middle Ages until 1809.