Blum attended MIT, where he received his bachelor's degree and his master's degree in EECS in 1959 and 1961 respectively, and his Ph. D. in Mathematics in 1964 under professor Marvin Minsky.

In some counter machine models ( e. g. Melzak ( 1961 ), Minsky ( 1961 )) and most RAM and RASP models more than one object / mark can be added or removed in one operation with " addition " and usually " subtraction "; sometimes with " multiplication " and / or " division ".

( italics in original, Minsky ( 1967 ) p. 189 )

( Drawing after Minsky ( 1967 ) p. 121 ).

Minsky: " But we will also maintain, with Turing.

But Minsky shows ( as do Melzak and Lambek ) that his machine is Turing complete with only four general types of instructions: conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment / replacement / substitution, and HALT.

Like program flow of a Minsky machine, a flowchart always starts at the top of a page and proceeds down.

Researchers such as Marvin Minsky would write computer programs in languages such as LISP to attempt to formally characterize the steps that human beings went through, for instance, in making decisions and solving problems, in the hope of better understanding human thought, and also in the hope of creating artificial minds.

In Artificial intelligence Marvin Minsky, Herbert A. Simon, Allen Newell, and Kevin Warwick are prominent.

In the following, Marvin Minsky defines the numbers to be computed in a manner similar to those defined by Alan Turing in 1936, i. e. as " sequences of digits interpreted as decimal fractions " between 0 and 1:

Marvin Minsky expanded the model to two or more tapes and greatly simplified the tapes into " up-down counters ", which Melzak and Lambek further evolved into what is now known as the counter machine model.

Advocates of procedural representations were mainly centered at MIT, under the leadership of Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert.

The principle was patented in 1957 by Marvin Minsky, although laser technology limited practical application of the technique.

Marvin Lee Minsky ( born August 9, 1927 ) is an American cognitive scientist in the field of artificial intelligence ( AI ), co-founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts on AI and philosophy.

Marvin Lee Minsky was born in New York City to a Jewish family, where he attended The Fieldston School and the Bronx High School of Science.

Isaac Asimov described Minsky as one of only two people he would admit were more intelligent than he was, the other being Carl Sagan.

Minsky also built, in 1951, the first randomly wired neural network learning machine, SNARC.

Minsky wrote the book Perceptrons ( with Seymour Papert ), which became the foundational work in the analysis of artificial neural networks.

Minsky was an adviser on the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey and is referred to in the movie and book.

In the early 1970s at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Lab, Minsky and Seymour Papert started developing what came to be called The Society of Mind theory.

Minsky says that the biggest source of ideas about the theory came from his work in trying to create a machine that uses a robotic arm, a video camera, and a computer to build with children's blocks.

In 1986, Minsky published The Society of Mind, a comprehensive book on the theory which, unlike most of his previously published work, was written for a general audience.

In November 2006, Minsky published The Emotion Machine, a book that critiques many popular theories of how human minds work and suggests alternative theories, often replacing simple ideas with more complex ones.

Economist Hyman Minsky also described a " paradox of deleveraging " as financial institutions that have too much leverage ( debt relative to equity ) cannot all de-leverage simultaneously without significant declines in the value of their assets.

Once again, Minsky understood this dynamic.

Part fiction, part non-fiction, he interviews 20 big thinkers like Marvin Minsky, plus there is a B-line narrative story that illustrates some of the ideas, where a computer avatar ( Ramona ) saves the world from self-replicating microscopic robots.

Minsky ( 1967 ) observes ( as does Boolos-Burgess-Jeffrey ( 2002 ) pp. 94 – 95 ) that the U defined above is in essence the μ-recursive equivalent of the universal Turing machine:

* August 9 – Marvin Minsky, American computer scientist, Turing Award winner ( Artificial Intelligence )

* Turing Award-Marvin Minsky

* Turing Award recipients Leonard M. Adleman, Fernando J. Corbato, Butler W. Lampson, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Barbara Liskov

Marvin Minsky, one of the pioneering computer scientists in artificial intelligence, relates emotions to the broader issues of machine intelligence stating in The Emotion Machine that emotion is " not especially different from the processes that we call ' thinking.

Minsky said that the biggest source of ideas about the theory came from his work in trying to create a machine that uses a robotic arm, a video camera, and a computer to build with children's blocks.

In 1952 he met Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy and others interested in machine intelligence.

* Society of mind and its successor the Emotion machine proposed by Marvin Minsky.

Neural network research stagnated after the publication of machine learning research by Minsky and Papert ( 1969 ).

* Perceptrons, ( with Marvin Minsky ), MIT Press, 1969 ( Enlarged edition, 1988 ), ISBN 0-262-63111-3

Besides Danny Hillis, other noted people who worked for or with the company included Greg Papadopoulos, David Waltz, Guy L Steele, Jr., Karl Sims, Brewster Kahle, Bradley Kuszmaul, Charles E. Leiserson, Marvin Minsky, Carl Feynman, Cliff Lasser, Marvin Denicoff, Alex Vasilevksy, Doug Lenat, Stephen Wolfram, Alan Edelman, Eric Lander, Richard Feynman, Richard Fishman, Mirza Mehdi, Alan Harshman, Richard Jordan, Alan Mercer, James Bailey, Tsutomu Shimomura and Jack Schwartz.

Similar in many ways to this is the idea of mind uploading, promoted by Marvin Minsky and others with a mechanistic view of natural intelligence and an optimistic outlook regarding artificial intelligence.

Minsky first started developing the theory with Seymour Papert in the early 1970s.

Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology is a 1986 molecular nanotechnology book written by K. Eric Drexler with a foreword by Marvin Minsky.

MIT would eventually be paid three million dollars a year by ARPA to develop time-sharing through Project MAC headed by Robert Fano with the involvement of Corbató, Dennis, and Minsky who would focus on Artificial Intelligence.

The distinction was also partly geographical and cultural: " scruffy " was associated with AI research at MIT under Marvin Minsky in the 1960s.

* Oral history interview with Marvin L. Minsky.

The concept originated in a conversation on a computer net in the 1980s when scientists Marvin Minsky of MIT, John McCarthy, and Hans Moravec of Stanford, speculated about variations on the skyhook concept with Roderick Hyde and Lowell Wood, scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

During this time he also collaborated with Malcolm Bradbury, Adrian Mitchell, Jake Auerbach, Richard Minsky and Heather McHugh.

Organised by John McCarthy ( then at Dartmouth College ) and formally proposed by McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon, the proposal is credited with introducing the term ' artificial intelligence '.

In 1983 David Noble co-founded the National Coalition for Universities in the Public Interest with Ralph Nader and Leonard Minsky to try " to bring extra-academic pressure to bear upon university administrations who were selling out their colleagues and the public in the pursuit of corporate partnerships.

Much of this work was done in collaboration with distinguished researchers at MIT such as Marvin Minsky and John McCarthy, who were regular BBN consultants during the early 1960s.

He was also technically a supervisor of Marvin Minsky, and helped organize the first ever public meeting on Artificial Intelligence ( AI ) with Minsky in 1955.

Under the supervision of Marvin Minsky, Moses received his doctorate in Mathematics at MIT in 1967 with a thesis entitled Symbolic Integration.