Molecular nanotechnology ( MNT ) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: " Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems.

Molecular nanotechnology is a speculative subfield of nanotechnology regarding the possibility of engineering molecular assemblers, machines which could re-order matter at a molecular or atomic scale.

Molecular nanotechnology is highly theoretical, seeking to anticipate what inventions nanotechnology might yield and to propose an agenda for future inquiry.

See also: von Neumann probe, clanking replicator, Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular scale electronics, also called single molecule electronics, is a branch of nanotechnology that uses single molecules, or nanoscale collections of single molecules, as electronic components.

Molecular nanotechnology is omni-present in the novel's world, generally in the form of Matter Compilers and the products that come out of them.

* Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular engineering is sometimes called generically " nanotechnology ", in reference to the nanometre scale at which its basic processes must operate.

However, the debate continues, with some of it being summarized in the Molecular nanotechnology article.

* Molecular nanotechnology

# REDIRECT Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology, for example, could convert garbage in landfills into useful materials and products, while biotechnology could lead to novel microbes that devour hazardous waste.

* Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular systems capable of shifting a chemical or mechanical process away from equilibrium represent a potentially important branch of chemistry and nanotechnology.

Molecular nanotechnology --

Molecular absorption, in contrast, is much broader, so that it is more likely that some molecular absorption band will overlap with an atomic line.

She is the head of a research group, which is located in the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and working on a wide range of biological disciplines encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, cellular immunology and intracellular neurophysiology.

* Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.

Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0. 01 torr.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all ( liquid or gas ) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick's laws of diffusion.

Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).

Molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) is an extremely efficient quencher of fluorescence just because of its unusual triplet ground state.

Molecular orbitals ( MOs ) represent regions in a molecule where an electron is likely to be found.

For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.

Molecular surgical tools, guided by molecular computers and injected into the blood stream could find and destroy cancer cells or invading bacteria, unclog arteries, or provide oxygen when the circulation is impaired.

* The primary technical reference work on this topic is Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, an in-depth, physics-based analysis of a particular class of potential nanomachines and molecular manufacturing systems, with extensive analyses of their feasibility and performance.

Nanosystems is closely based on Drexler's MIT doctoral dissertation, " Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing with Applications to Computation ".

Molecular mass is sometimes called molecular weight.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).

Molecular bond energies are on the order of one eV per molecule.

Robert A. Freitas Jr. is a Senior Research Fellow, one of four researchers at the nonprofit foundation Institute for Molecular Manufacturing in Palo Alto, California.

In 1963 Parr published Quantum Theory of Molecular Electronic Structure, one of the first books to apply quantum theory to chemical systems.

Molecular excitons have several interesting properties, one of which is energy transfer ( see Förster resonance energy transfer ) whereby if a molecular exciton has proper energetic matching to a second molecule's spectral absorbance, then an exciton may transfer ( hop ) from one molecule to another.

Atomic models will consist of a single nucleus that may be surrounded by one or more bound electrons, whilst molecular models are typically concerned with Molecular Hydrogen and it's Molecular hydrogen ion.

Other research centres in or near Grenoble include the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), the Institut Laue-Langevin ( ILL ), the European Molecular Biology Laboratory ( EMBL ), and one of the Commissariat à l ' Énergie Atomique ( Nuclear Energy Commission )( CEA ) main research facilities.

Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography.

Molecular diagnostics using the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) cytochrome b gene can differentiate A. m. scutellata from other A. mellifera lineages, though mtDNA only allows one to detect an Africanized colony that has an Africanized queen, and not colonies where a European queen has mated with Africanized drones.

It is also one of the few schools in the country that offers undergraduate forensic majors, with tracks in Toxicology, and Molecular Biology.

Molecular phylogenies of extant gymnosperms have conflicted with morphological characters with regard to whether the gymnosperms as a whole ( including gnetophytes ) comprise a monophyletic group or a paraphyletic one that gave rise to angiosperms.

That is one of the underlying agendas of his 1872 book Contributions to Molecular Physics in the Domain of Radiant Heat.

Such a " broadcast architecture " is one of the safety features recommended by the " Foresight Guidelines on Molecular Nanotechnology ", and a map of the 137-dimensional replicator design space recently published by Freitas and Merkle provides numerous practical methods by which replicators can be safely controlled by good design.

Docking @ Home, hosted by University of Delaware, one of the projects which use an opensource platform for the distributed computing, BOINC, adopts CHARMM to analyze the atomic details of protein-ligand interactions in terms of Molecular Dynamics ( MD ) simulations and minimizations.

Molecular studies have indicated that the eastern and western Atlantic populations have been genetically distinct for at least one million years, and could potentially be considered as separate subspecies.

In 1963 Kendrew became one of the founders of the European Molecular Biology Organization ; as well, he founded and was for many years editor-in-chief of the Journal of Molecular Biology.

Molecular beam epitaxy ( MBE ) is one of several methods of depositing single crystals.

The University of Ulster is particularly strong in the field of biomedical sciences, and a Centre for Molecular Biosciences ( located at Coleraine ) is one of the major projects developed by the University.

Students can choose to focus on one of the following during their high school years: Global Science, Computer Technology, Engineering, Mathematics or Molecular Biology.

* April 25-Francis Crick and James D. Watson of the University of Cambridge's Cavendish Laboratory publish " Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid " in the British journal Nature ( first announced on February 28 at a Solvay Conference ), often ranked as one of the most dramatic results in biology during the 20th century because of the structural beauty and functional logic of the DNA double helix.

The Quantized Valence Bonds ' Molecular Mechanics ( QVBMM ) force field ( implemented in Exorga, Incorporated's StruMM3D product, once named STR3DI32 ) is unique in molecular mechanics as the only one to directly use all lone pair interactions in all of its energy calculations.

The Instituto de Medicina Molecular of the University of Lisbon, a research institute in molecular medicine, is one of the most noted biosciences research institutions in Portugal.