# REDIRECT Molecular mass

* Molecular weight, a former term for molecular mass

Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analysis Team that designed the gas chromatography mass spectrometer instrument that robots took to the planet Mars.

Molecular mass is 576. 08, melting point 600 C ( with decomposition ), the substance is practically insoluble in water (< 0. 1g / 100 ml @ 20C ), but soluble in concentrated Sulphuric acid.

* Molecular diffusion, spontaneous dispersion of mass ( distinct from migration, caused by an external force )

Molecular models typically describe atoms ( nucleus and electrons collectively ) as point charges with an associated mass.

The Molecular Disruption Device is a fictional weapon of mass destruction featured in the Ender's Game series of science fiction novels by Orson Scott Card.

# REDIRECT Molecular mass

< tr >< td > Molecular mass </ td >< td > 200, 000 to 100 million Daltons </ td ></ tr >

0. 8668 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > kg / m < sup > 3 </ sup >, Molecular mass

* Molecular Biology Resource Facility, for protein and peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis ; and

Molecular absorption, in contrast, is much broader, so that it is more likely that some molecular absorption band will overlap with an atomic line.

She is the head of a research group, which is located in the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and working on a wide range of biological disciplines encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, cellular immunology and intracellular neurophysiology.

* Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.

Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0. 01 torr.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all ( liquid or gas ) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick's laws of diffusion.

Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).

Molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) is an extremely efficient quencher of fluorescence just because of its unusual triplet ground state.

Molecular orbitals ( MOs ) represent regions in a molecule where an electron is likely to be found.

For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.

Molecular nanotechnology ( MNT ) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

Molecular surgical tools, guided by molecular computers and injected into the blood stream could find and destroy cancer cells or invading bacteria, unclog arteries, or provide oxygen when the circulation is impaired.

Molecular nanotechnology is one of the technologies that some analysts believe could lead to a Technological Singularity.

* The primary technical reference work on this topic is Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, an in-depth, physics-based analysis of a particular class of potential nanomachines and molecular manufacturing systems, with extensive analyses of their feasibility and performance.

Nanosystems is closely based on Drexler's MIT doctoral dissertation, " Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing with Applications to Computation ".

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).

Molecular electronics, sometimes called moletronics, involves the study and application of molecular building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components.

Molecular pathology shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics and genetics, and is sometimes considered a " crossover " discipline.

Molecular engineering is sometimes called generically " nanotechnology ", in reference to the nanometre scale at which its basic processes must operate.

Molecular scale electronics, also called single molecule electronics, is a branch of nanotechnology that uses single molecules, or nanoscale collections of single molecules, as electronic components.

** Molecular diffusivity ( often called " diffusion coefficient ")

DJ Spooky's events like Molecular at The Gas Station on Avenue B and Second street in Manhattan set the tone for the genre, and predated all of the Manhattan events around what later came to be called " illbient.

Herzberg authored some classic works in the field of spectroscopy, including Atomic Spectra and Atomic Structure and the encyclopaedic four volume work: Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure, which is often called the spectroscopist's bible.

( Gel Spun Ultra high Molecular weight Polyethylene, made by Dupont, and called " Spectra " Tm ).

A companion database to the issue called the Online Molecular Biology Database Collection lists 1, 380 online databases.

Molecular compounds called prostaglandins are released during menstruation, due to the destruction of the endometrial cells, and the resultant release of their contents.

** Molecular dynamics, the study of motion on the molecular level

Molecular chemistry deals with the laws governing the interaction between molecules that results in the formation and breakage of chemical bonds, while molecular physics deals with the laws governing their structure and properties.

Molecular orbitals are usually constructed by combining atomic orbitals or hybrid orbitals from each atom of the molecule, or other molecular orbitals from groups of atoms.

Drexler argues that we may need to wait until our conventional nanotechnology improves before solving these issues: " Molecular manufacturing will result from a series of advances in molecular machine systems, much as the first Moon landing resulted from a series of advances in liquid-fuel rocket systems.

Molecular clouds, and especially " giant " molecular clouds ( GMCs ), are often the home of astronomical masers.

Molecular nanotechnology is a speculative subfield of nanotechnology regarding the possibility of engineering molecular assemblers, machines which could re-order matter at a molecular or atomic scale.

Molecular phylogenetics has also been used to estimate the dates when species diverged, but there is controversy about the reliability of the molecular clock on which such estimates depend.

Molecular genetic testing by linkage analysis or direct mutation screening is available clinically ; however, genetic heterogeneity is a significant complication to molecular genetic testing.

Molecular spectra can be obtained due to electron spin states ( electron paramagnetic resonance ), molecular rotations, molecular vibration and electronic states.

* Chemistry: Molecular theory — Kinetic theory of gases — Molecular orbital theory — Valence bond theory — Transition state theory — RRKM theory — Chemical graph theory — Flory-Huggins solution theory — Marcus theory — Lewis theory ( successor to Brønsted – Lowry acid – base theory ) — HSAB theory — Debye – Hückel theory — Thermodynamic theory of polymer elasticity — Reptation theory — Polymer field theory — Møller – Plesset perturbation theory — Density Functional Theory — Frontier molecular orbital theory — Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory — Baeyer strain theory — Quantum theory of atoms in molecules — Collision theory — Ligand field theory ( successor to Crystal field theory ) — Variational Transition State Theory — Benson group increment theory — Specific ion interaction theory

; Molecular modelling: Methods for modelling molecular structures without necessarily referring to quantum mechanics.

* Molecular physics: The discipline of the electrons surrounding the molecular nuclei and of movement of the nuclei.

* Molecular replacement – if a related structure is known, it can be used as a search model in molecular replacement to determine the orientation and position of the molecules within the unit cell.

Molecular electronics comprises two related but separate subdisciplines: molecular materials for electronics utilizes the properties of the molecules to affect the bulk properties of a material, while molecular scale electronics focuses on single-molecule applications.