# REDIRECT Molecular orbital

* Molecular orbital

* Molecular orbital

* Chemistry: Molecular theory — Kinetic theory of gases — Molecular orbital theory — Valence bond theory — Transition state theory — RRKM theory — Chemical graph theory — Flory-Huggins solution theory — Marcus theory — Lewis theory ( successor to Brønsted – Lowry acid – base theory ) — HSAB theory — Debye – Hückel theory — Thermodynamic theory of polymer elasticity — Reptation theory — Polymer field theory — Møller – Plesset perturbation theory — Density Functional Theory — Frontier molecular orbital theory — Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory — Baeyer strain theory — Quantum theory of atoms in molecules — Collision theory — Ligand field theory ( successor to Crystal field theory ) — Variational Transition State Theory — Benson group increment theory — Specific ion interaction theory

: Molecular orbital diagrams, Jablonski diagrams, and Franck-Condon diagrams.

* Molecular orbital

Molecular orbital theory was seen as a competitor to valence bond theory in the 1930s, before it was realized that the two methods are closely related and that when extended they become equivalent.

Molecular orbital theory was developed, in the years after valence bond theory had been established ( 1927 ), primarily through the efforts of Friedrich Hund, Robert Mulliken, John C. Slater, and John Lennard-Jones.

Molecular orbital ( MO ) theory uses a linear combination of atomic orbitals ( LCAO ) to represent molecular orbitals involving the whole molecule.

* Molecular orbital

* Molecular orbital diagram

* Molecular orbital

# REDIRECT Molecular orbital

Molecular orbital scheme, illustrating the linear combination of P – R σ * and P 3d orbitals to form PR3 π acceptor orbitals

Figure 5: Molecular orbital diagram depiction of frontier orbitals in methane and a basic ML < sub > 6 </ sub > metal complex.

* For phi bond with 3 nodal planes, see Molecular orbital # φ Symmetry

Molecular orbital theory predicts two low-lying excited singlet states O < sub > 2 </ sub >( a¹Δ < sub > g </ sub >) and O < sub > 2 </ sub >( b¹Σ < sub > g </ sub >< sup >+</ sup >) ( for nomenclature see article on Molecular term symbol ).

Molecular orbital diagrams for the three electronic configurations of molecular oxygen, O < sub > 2 </ sub >.

# REDIRECT Molecular orbital theory

The theory has been presented in 2005 by Marc W. Kirschner, a professor and chair of Department of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School, and John C. Gerhart, a professor in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley.

* Kinetic theory, also referred to as Kinetic Molecular Theory

Molecular orbitals arise from allowed interactions between atomic orbitals, which are allowed if the symmetries ( determined from group theory ) of the atomic orbitals are compatible with each other.

In 1963 Parr published Quantum Theory of Molecular Electronic Structure, one of the first books to apply quantum theory to chemical systems.

Molecular absorption, in contrast, is much broader, so that it is more likely that some molecular absorption band will overlap with an atomic line.

She is the head of a research group, which is located in the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and working on a wide range of biological disciplines encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, cellular immunology and intracellular neurophysiology.

* Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.

Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0. 01 torr.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all ( liquid or gas ) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick's laws of diffusion.

Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).

Molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) is an extremely efficient quencher of fluorescence just because of its unusual triplet ground state.

Molecular orbitals ( MOs ) represent regions in a molecule where an electron is likely to be found.

For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.

Molecular nanotechnology ( MNT ) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

Molecular surgical tools, guided by molecular computers and injected into the blood stream could find and destroy cancer cells or invading bacteria, unclog arteries, or provide oxygen when the circulation is impaired.

Molecular nanotechnology is one of the technologies that some analysts believe could lead to a Technological Singularity.

* The primary technical reference work on this topic is Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, an in-depth, physics-based analysis of a particular class of potential nanomachines and molecular manufacturing systems, with extensive analyses of their feasibility and performance.

Nanosystems is closely based on Drexler's MIT doctoral dissertation, " Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing with Applications to Computation ".

Molecular mass is sometimes called molecular weight.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).