Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, " New World nine-primaried oscines " ( Aves: Passeriformes ).

Molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Perissodactyla and Cetartiodactyla are closest to Carnivora and Pholidota rather than to Pseudungulata.

Molecular data have backed up classifications based on geography and chromosome number, but following morphological data, such as the structure of the leaves and stems, do not appear to produce a phylogenetic classification.

Molecular systematics is an essentially cladistic approach: it assumes that classification must correspond to phylogenetic descent, and that all valid taxa must be monophyletic.

Molecular evolution: a phylogenetic approach.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis has lent support to this hypothesis, and it is now generally accepted.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, " New World nine-primaried oscines " ( Aves: Passeriformes ) Mol.

A .; Capparella, Angelo P .; Vuilleumier, François ( 2005 ): Molecular phylogenetic relationships among the Geositta miners ( Furnariidae ) and biogeographic implications for avian speciation in Fuego-Patagonia.

Molecular studies by several groups of authors, as of 2008, have confirmed that the baccate ( fleshy ) fruits evolved twice from capsular fruits, and as such the two subfamily classification does not accurately portray the phylogenetic (= evolutionary ) history of the family.

*: ( 2008 ) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dendrobium ( Orchidaceae ), with emphasis on the Australian section Dendrocoryne, and implications for generic classification.

Molecular phylogenetic evidence has moved several other physically dissimilar groups into Boletales, including the Sclerodermataceae ( earthballs ) and the Rhizopogonaceae ( false truffles ).

Molecular insights into the phylogenetic structure of the spider genus Theridion ( Araneae, Theridiidae ) and the origin of the Hawaiian Theridion-like fauna.

Molecular studies on the genus Eumeces Wiegmann, 1834: phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic implications.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown this circumscription of Liliaceae is not monophyletic.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences has shown that Agapanthus is sister to a clade consisting of subfamilies Allioideae and Amaryllidoideae of the family Amaryllidaceae ( sensu APG III ).

Molecular phylogenetic studies confirmed the suspicions of many that this group was misplaced, and consequently, the family Themidaceae was resurrected in 1996.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have proven these three are all distinctive and separate species ; other taxa formerly believed to be unique species or subspecies, such as B. betulicola, B. chippewaensis, B. persoonii, B. quercicola and B. venturii, are now known to be part of a B. edulis species complex with a wide morphological, ecological and geographic range, and that the genetic variability in this complex is low.

Molecular phylogenetic studies, however, have demonstrated conclusively that Glaucidium belongs in Ranunculaceae, but that Paeonia belongs in the unrelated order Saxifragales.

Molecular phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences have shown that Xeronema is sister to a clade consisting of Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato, Amaryllidaceae sensu lato, and Asparagaceae sensu lato.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis carried out in 2004 showed that the tribe is monophyletic ( i. e. it contains all the descendants of a single common ancestor ).

Molecular phylogenetic studies of the 2000s have revised our concept of the family ; in a highly-cited 2006 publication, Manfred Binder and David Hibbett included 38 genera.

Molecular phylogenetic studies show that, as an ancient species in the order Carnivora, the Red Panda is relatively close to the American Raccoon and may be either a monotypic family or a subfamily within the procynonid family.

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Dasypogonaceae belongs to the commelinids and is therefore not even in the same order as Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Molecular phylogenetic investigation ( as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi.

Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.

Molecular evidence suggests that the Phycodnaviridae may have evolved from the family Iridoviridae.

Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.

Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).

Molecular evidence place them within the family Peridiscaceae of the order Saxifragales.

Molecular evidence shows that some limited number of Hox genes have existed in the Cnidaria since before the earliest true Bilatera, making these genes pre-Paleozoic.

Molecular evidence suggests that the Shoebill and the Hamerkop form a sister group to the pelicans, though there is some doubt as to the exact relationship between the three lineages.

Molecular evidence strongly confirms that Psilotum is a fern.

Molecular evidence, that is, a specific pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, suggests that the distinct genotype of El Tor strain which appeared in Calcutta in 1993, may have spread to the African subcontinent.

Molecular and morphological evidence places Macgregoria in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree.

Molecular evidence indicates that the steppe polecat and black-footed ferret diverged from Mustela stromeri sometime between 500, 000 and 2, 000, 000 years ago, perhaps in Beringia.

Molecular evidence suggests that a reptile-specifically a squamate-was the first vertebrate host of Plasmodium.

Molecular data, including analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials, and the fossil evidence indicate that Ameridelphia might best be understood as an evolutionary grade.

Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) supports the monophyly of the phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.

* ( 2001 ): Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ).

Molecular evidence indicates that Archaezoa have the genetic marker of mitochondria in their nucleus that suggests the had and then lost mitochondria.

Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).

Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).

Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ) in Lindleyana 16 ( 2 ): 113-139 .</ ref > The last common species which was occasionally classified under Miltonia is Chamaeleorchis warszewiczii ,< ref >< span style =" font-variant: small-caps "> Senghas, Karlheinz & Lückel, Emil </ span > ( 1997 ).

* ( 2006 ): Molecular evidence for the non-monophyletic status of Naidinae ( Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae ). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 570-584.

Molecular fossil evidence, however, indicates the possibility that Bennettitales and Angiosperms ( along with Gigantopteridales ) form a clade, based on the presence of oleanane in fossils of these groups.