Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.

Molecular evidence suggests that the Phycodnaviridae may have evolved from the family Iridoviridae.

Molecular evidence indicates that the lineage of gibbons ( family Hylobatidae ) diverged from Great Apes some 18-12 million years ago, and that of orangutans ( subfamily Ponginae ) diverged from the other Great Apes at about 12 million years ; there are no fossils that clearly document the ancestry of gibbons, which may have originated in a so-far-unknown South East Asian hominoid population, but fossil proto-orangutans may be represented by Sivapithecus from India and Griphopithecus from Turkey, dated to around 10 million years ago.

Molecular evidence suggests that between 8 and 4 million years ago, first the gorillas, and then the chimpanzees ( genus Pan ) split off from the line leading to the humans ; human DNA is approximately 98. 4 % identical to that of chimpanzees when comparing single nucleotide polymorphisms ( see human evolutionary genetics ).

Molecular evidence place them within the family Peridiscaceae of the order Saxifragales.

Molecular evidence shows that some limited number of Hox genes have existed in the Cnidaria since before the earliest true Bilatera, making these genes pre-Paleozoic.

Molecular evidence suggests that the Shoebill and the Hamerkop form a sister group to the pelicans, though there is some doubt as to the exact relationship between the three lineages.

Molecular evidence strongly confirms that Psilotum is a fern.

Molecular and morphological evidence places Macgregoria in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree.

Molecular evidence indicates that the steppe polecat and black-footed ferret diverged from Mustela stromeri sometime between 500, 000 and 2, 000, 000 years ago, perhaps in Beringia.

Molecular evidence suggests that a reptile-specifically a squamate-was the first vertebrate host of Plasmodium.

Molecular phylogenetic evidence has moved several other physically dissimilar groups into Boletales, including the Sclerodermataceae ( earthballs ) and the Rhizopogonaceae ( false truffles ).

Molecular data, including analysis of retrotransposon insertion sites in the nuclear DNA of a variety of marsupials, and the fossil evidence indicate that Ameridelphia might best be understood as an evolutionary grade.

Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit ribosomal RNA ( rRNA ) supports the monophyly of the phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.

* ( 2001 ): Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ).

Molecular phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that asexual Neotyphodium species are derived either from individual Epichloë species, or more commonly, from hybrids with at least two ancestral Epichloë species.

Molecular evidence indicates that Archaezoa have the genetic marker of mitochondria in their nucleus that suggests the had and then lost mitochondria.

Molecular phylogenetic investigation ( as well as supporting evidence from micromorphology and chemotaxonomy ) has since demonstrated that similar types of basidiomycete growth form are often examples of convergent evolution and do not always reflect a close relationship between different groups of fungi.

Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).

Molecular evidence that the spiny mouse ( Acomys ) is more closely related to gerbils ( Gerbillinae ) than to the true mice ( Murinae ).

Molecular systematics of the Oncidiinae based on evidence from four DNA sequence regions: expanded circumscriptions of Cyrtochilum, Erycina, Otoglossum, and Trichocentrum and a new genus ( Orchidaceae ) in Lindleyana 16 ( 2 ): 113-139 .</ ref > The last common species which was occasionally classified under Miltonia is Chamaeleorchis warszewiczii ,< ref >< span style =" font-variant: small-caps "> Senghas, Karlheinz & Lückel, Emil </ span > ( 1997 ).

* ( 2006 ): Molecular evidence for the non-monophyletic status of Naidinae ( Annelida, Clitellata, Tubificidae ). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 570-584.

Molecular fossil evidence, however, indicates the possibility that Bennettitales and Angiosperms ( along with Gigantopteridales ) form a clade, based on the presence of oleanane in fossils of these groups.

Molecular absorption, in contrast, is much broader, so that it is more likely that some molecular absorption band will overlap with an atomic line.

She is the head of a research group, which is located in the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine and working on a wide range of biological disciplines encompassing molecular biology, biochemistry, cellular immunology and intracellular neurophysiology.

* Molecular biology is the study of molecular underpinnings of the process of replication, transcription and translation of the genetic material.

Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0. 01 torr.

Molecular distillation is used industrially for purification of oils.

Molecular diffusion, often called simply diffusion, is the thermal motion of all ( liquid or gas ) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.

Molecular diffusion is typically described mathematically using Fick's laws of diffusion.

Molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) is an extremely efficient quencher of fluorescence just because of its unusual triplet ground state.

Molecular orbitals ( MOs ) represent regions in a molecule where an electron is likely to be found.

For instance, polyethylene ( PE ) is a cheap, low friction polymer commonly used to make disposable shopping bags and trash bags, and is considered a commodity plastic, whereas medium-density polyethylene ( MDPE ) is used for underground gas and water pipes, and another variety called Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene UHMWPE is an engineering plastic which is used extensively as the glide rails for industrial equipment and the low-friction socket in implanted hip joints.

Molecular nanotechnology ( MNT ) is a technology based on the ability to build structures to complex, atomic specifications by means of mechanosynthesis.

Molecular surgical tools, guided by molecular computers and injected into the blood stream could find and destroy cancer cells or invading bacteria, unclog arteries, or provide oxygen when the circulation is impaired.

Molecular nanotechnology is one of the technologies that some analysts believe could lead to a Technological Singularity.

* The primary technical reference work on this topic is Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, an in-depth, physics-based analysis of a particular class of potential nanomachines and molecular manufacturing systems, with extensive analyses of their feasibility and performance.

Nanosystems is closely based on Drexler's MIT doctoral dissertation, " Molecular Machinery and Manufacturing with Applications to Computation ".

Molecular mass is sometimes called molecular weight.

Molecular hydrogen is difficult to detect by infrared and radio observations, so the molecule most often used to determine the presence of H < sub > 2 </ sub > is CO ( carbon monoxide ).

Though cytotoxic-crossmatch assay can predict rejection mediated by cellular immunity, genetic-expression tests specific to the organ type to be transplanted, for instance AlloMap Molecular Expression Testing, have a high negative predictive value.

Molecular structure can give fine details about which specific parts are interacting and what kinds of chemical bonds mediate that interaction.