In the 19th century, Sir Monier Monier-Williams ( Indologist and Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford ) wrote that " Perhaps the most important point to which Raja Ram Mohan Roy awakened was the absence of all Vedic sanction for the self-immolation of widows ( Suttee ).

In Hinduism, is the goddess of death and corruption, one of the dikpāla ( Guardians of the directions ), representing the southwest ( or — according Monier-Williams ’ s Sanskrit-English Dictionary — the south ).

In Hinduism, yajna ( Sanskrit ; yagam ( Tamil ய ா கம ்) ; also Anglicized as Yajna, Yadna ) is a ritual of sacrifice ( also " worship, prayer, praise, offering and oblation, sacrifice " according to Monier-Williams ) derived from the practice in Vedic times.

According to the dictionary of Monier Monier-Williams, the most frequent meanings of the Sanskrit term, from which the word " prakrit " is derived, are " original, natural, normal " and the term is derived from, " making or placing before or at first, the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance ".

The Sanskrit term haṭha refers to the use of persistence or force, and haṭhayoga is translated by the Monier-Williams dictionary as " a kind of forced Yoga or abstract meditation ( forcing the mind to withdraw from external objects ; treated of in the Haṭha ‐ pradīpikā by Svātmārāma and performed with much self ‐ torture, such as standing on one leg, holding up the arms, inhaling smoke with the head inverted & c .).

Assuming that 1 paurusha is 6 ft long, then 1 yojana must represent a distance of about 14. 6 km ( or about 9 miles, as suggested by Monier-Williams ).

Earliest reference of this word is to be found in the Rgveda-7. 82. 7a, where it is used in the sense ' pain, suffering ' ( Monier-Williams ).

According to Monier-Williams ( 1964 ), the etymology of sukha is " said to be su + kha and to mean originally ' having a good axle-hole '...." Thus, for instance, in the Rig Veda sukha denotes " running swiftly or easily " ( applied, e. g., to chariots ).

According to the Monier-Williams Dictionary ( 2006 ), rūpa is defined as:

He finds mention in the Adiparva section of the epic Mahābhārata, where he is stated to be an Asura or a demonic ruler ( Also See main entry Candra in Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary ).

V. S. Apte gives this particular meaning and derivation, and Monier-Williams also gives the same, with some qualification.

* A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European languages, Monier Monier-Williams, revised by E. Leumann, C. Cappeller, et al.

The Monier-Williams Sanskrit Dictionary lists for the Sanskrit word a meaning of " collective Name for 5 peoples, viz.

As noted by Monier-Williams in his Sanskrit-English dictionary, according to Alexander Cunningham, its shape represents a monogram formed by interlacing of the letters of the auspicious words su-astí () written in Ashokan characters.

Monier-Williams ' late 19th century dictionary adds that, " according to native authorities Upanishad means ' setting to rest ignorance by revealing the knowledge of the supreme spirit.

Monier-Williams also quotes Tārānātha who compiled the great ( Sanskrit-to-Sanskrit ) dictionary named " ṛṣati jñānena saṃsāra-pāram " ( i. e., " one who reaches beyond this mundane world by means of spiritual knowledge ").

* Generally: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary ( 1899 ), s. v.

* Frederick Charles Danvers, Harriet Martineau, Monier Monier-Williams, Stuart Colvin Bayley, Percy Wigram, Brand Sapte et al.

Similar accusations had already led to Müller's exclusion from the Boden chair in Sanskrit in favour of the conservative Monier Monier-Williams.

Monier-Williams gives " solar day " instead of Rāśi as the fifth limb.

Monier Monier-Williams, KCIE ( 12 November 1819 – 11 April 1899 ) was the second Boden Professor of Sanskrit at Oxford University, England.

* Biography of Sir Monier Monier-Williams, Dr. Gillian Evison, Digital Shikshapatri

Monier-Williams defines the compound as ( m., also pl.

A photo of Monier Monier-Williams by Lewis Carroll, taken from,, touched up Derrick Coetzee.

Indigenous grammar ( Pāṇini Dhātupāṭha I. 557 ) gives to Kīl the meaning of bandha, i. e. " to bind ", while Monier-Williams ( 285 ) gives the meanings " to bind, fasten, stake, pin ".

To outline the importance of Nepal's Hinduism, Veer Savarkar wrote,

According to Belgian writer Koenraad Elst, Ram Swarup and Sita Ram Goel wrote in defence of Hinduism, never of " Hindutva ".

Kabir wrote poetry and preached to the people, advocating a blend of philosophy and spiritual practices challenging the religious clergy of both Islam and Hinduism and claiming to be neither Hindu, nor Muslim.

Adi Shankaracharya wrote a definitive commentary on the sahasranāma in the 8th century, which is the oldest and has been particularly influential for many schools of Hinduism even today.

Reinhart Hummel wrote that from the former came the reduction of Hinduism to the inner realization of the divine and the veneration of the guru, and from the latter the emphasis on the practical life.

Madole influenced by Aryanism and Hinduism wrote that the Aryan race was of great antiquity and had been worshipped worldwide by lower races as " White Gods ".

Strangely, neither of these identities wrote on Hinduism.

He also wrote " The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism " jointly with Kenneth G. Zysk.

He wrote Brahman-Roman Catholic Sambad, where a Roman Catholic dialogues with a Hindu Brahmin and attempts to show the superiority of Christianity over Hinduism.

However recent Archaeological findings have found some foundation stones of Temples on whom the name of Sultan Sikandar is mentioned which shows his tolerance levels towards Hinduism but most of the Historians go by his Strict view as wrote by the previous Hindu Historians which is seen as a bias by most of the western historians.

In Art and Artist ( 1932 ), the psychologist Otto Rank wrote that the psychological trauma of birth was the pre-eminent human symbol of existential anxiety and encompasses the creative person's simultaneous fear of – and desire for – separation, individuation and differentiation.

Journalist Ann Hornaday wrote: " With its portrait of counterculture heroes raising their middle fingers to the uptight middle-class hypocrisies, Easy Rider became the cinematic symbol of the 1960s, a celluloid anthem to freedom, macho bravado and anti-establishment rebellion.

" No phenomenon is mortal ," Malevich wrote in an unpublished manuscript, " and this means not only the body but the idea as well, a symbol that one is eternally reincarnated in another form which actually exists in the conscious and unconscious person.

The German mystical alchemist Heinrich Khunrath wrote of the shape-changing sea-god who, because of his relationship to the sea, is both a symbol of the unconscious as well as the perfection of the art.

Bernoulli chose a figure of a logarithmic spiral and the motto Eadem mutata resurgo (" Changed and yet the same, I rise again ") for his gravestone ; the spiral executed by the stonemasons was, however, an Archimedean spiral., “ Bernoulli wrote that the logarithmic spiral ‘ may be used as a symbol, either of fortitude and constancy in adversity, or of the human body, which after all its changes, even after death, will be restored to its exact and perfect self ’.” ( Livio 2002: 116 ).

Michel Foucault, who wrote Madness and Civilization, saw in the ship of fools a symbol of the consciousness of sin and evil alive in the medieval mindset and imaginative landscapes of the Renaissance.

* The Russian poet Yevgeni Yevtushenko wrote the poem " When they murdered Lorca " (" Когда убили Лорку ") in which he portrays Lorca as being akin to Don Quixote — an immortal symbol of one's devotion to his ideals and perpetual struggle for them.

Theodore Roethke ( 1908 – 1963 ) wrote of his poetry: The greenhouse " is my symbol for the whole of life, a womb, a heaven-on-earth.

Malcolm Cowley, whom Harry had published, wrote in his 1934 book Exile's Return that the death of " Harry Crosby becomes a symbol " of the rise and fall of the Jazz Age.

One problem with the dating of the battle is that Pope Honorius I wrote in June 634 to Paulinus and Archbishop Honorius saying that he was sending a pallium, the symbol of an archbishop's authority, to each of them.

Barbara M. Tucker, Professor of History and Director of the Center for Connecticut Studies at Eastern Connecticut State University, wrote that Colt's marketing techniques transformed the firearm from a utilitarian object into a central symbol of American identity.

The long s survives in elongated form, and with an italic-style curled descender, as the integral symbol used in calculus ; Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz based the character on the Latin word summa (" sum "), which he wrote ſumma.

Mailer, who owned several orgone accumulators – including some in the shape of eggs – wrote about Reich enthusiastically in The Village Voice, as a result of which Orgonon became a place of pilgrimage and the orgasm a symbol of liberation.

Musgrove further wrote, " It would be my honor to host this monument as a symbol of every Mississippian's dedication to the fundamental principles of the Ten Commandments.

The killer then hiked 500 yards back up to Knoxville Road, drew the cross-circle symbol on Hartnell's car door with a black felt-tip pen, and wrote beneath it: " Vallejo / 12-20-68 / 7-4-69 / Sept 27 – 69 – 6: 30 / by knife.

Hubbard wrote a book titled How to Use a Dictionary, in which he defined the methods of correcting " misunderstoods " ( a Scientology term referring to a " misunderstood word or symbol ").

Merchants wrote them in their books of credit ; fishermen used it in religious rituals by marking them in the door of Catholic chapels near hills or beaches ; in the table of their town ’ s first church during marriage ; and also had magical significance, such as the São Selimão sigla, that could be used as a protecting symbol and not as family mark.

Author John T. Cunningham wrote that " The Statue of Liberty was not conceived and sculpted as a symbol of immigration, but it quickly became so as immigrant ships passed under the statue.

Paul Auster wrote that " Bartholdi's gigantic effigy was originally intended as a monument to the principles of international republicanism, but ' The New Colossus ' reinvented the statue's purpose, turning Liberty into a welcoming mother, a symbol of hope to the outcasts and downtrodden of the world ".

Designer David Gentleman wrote to Benn about alternative design approaches, suggesting the monarch's head be replaced by another national symbol, such as a Crown, Royal Cypher or words such as " Great Britain " or " UK ".

William Thomson wrote in 1884: " I took the liberty of asking Professor Bell whether he had a name for this symbol and he has mentioned to me nabla, a humorous suggestion of Maxwell's.

" Justice Abe Fortas wrote the majority opinion, holding that the speech regulation at issue in Tinker was " based upon an urgent wish to avoid the controversy which might result from the expression, even by the silent symbol of armbands, of opposition to this Nation's part in the conflagration in Vietnam.

With this scene, Ibsen wrote Rondane into one of the 19th centuries better-known plays and made Rondane a symbol for Norway.

Against the Northern republican John Wilkes, whom he hated, he wrote a small pamphlet, and used to delete with his sponge the number 45 wherever he found it, this being the offensive symbol of Wilkes.