In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm ( originating from al-Khwārizmī, the famous Persian mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ) is a step-by-step procedure for calculations.

# REDIRECT Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī

Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī ( 858 – 929 ), from Harran, Turkey, further developed trigonometry ( first conceptualised in Ancient Greece ) as an independent branch of mathematics, developing relationships such as tanθ = sinθ / cosθ.

The most famous Arabic mathematician is considered to be Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( 780 – 850 ), who produced a comprehensive guide to the numbering system developed from the Brahmi system in India, using only 10 digits ( 0-9, the so-called " Arabic numerals ").

Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim () (

* Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī, Persian mathematician ( approximate date )

* Muslim mathematician Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī founds algebra.

* Adelard of Bath translates Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī's arithmetic and astronomical tables into Latin.

Herman produced a version of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī's astronomical tables ( zij ) – they were also translated in 1126 by Adelard of Bath ( 1075 – 1164 ).

* 9th century AD — the Zij of Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

# REDIRECT Muḥammad ibn Jābir al-Ḥarrānī al-Battānī

# REDIRECT Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

' Abū ' Abdillāh Muḥammad ibn ' Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn ` Arabī () was born into a respectable family in Murcia, Taifa of Murcia on the 17th of Ramaḍān 561 AH ( 27th or 28 July 1165 AD ).

Muḥyiddin Muḥammad ibn ‘ Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘ Arabī was widely known as al-Shaykh al-Akbar ; in medieval Europe he was called Doctor Maximus.

Among his teachers were Malik ibn Anas and Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Shaybānī, whom he studied under in Madinah and Baghdad.

A theological treatise on human free will and some other short texts and statements ascribed to al-Hadi are quoted by Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Shuʻbah al-Harrānī.

* Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Khallād al-Rāmahurmuzī — an early Islamic scholar and hadith specialist

Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II ( 688 – 6 August 750 ) ( Arabic: مروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم / ALA-LC: Marwān bin Muḥammad bin Marwān bin al-Ḥakam ) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed.

Abū ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Ahmad Ibn Juzayy al-Kalbi ( 1321-1357 ) ( in Arabic, محمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن عبد الله بن يحيى بن يوسف بن عبد الرحمن بن جزي الكلبي الغرناطي ) was a scholar, writer of poetry, history, and law from Al-Andalus.

The Gàmmu ( Mawlid in Arabic, the celebration of the birth of Muḥammad ) of Tivaouane gathers many followers each year.

Occasionally, a group of disciples ( known in Senegal as a daayira, from Arabic dā ' irah, or " circle ") may organize a religious conference, where they will invite one or more well known speakers or chanters to speak on a given theme, such as the life of Muḥammad or another religious leader, a particular religious obligation such as fasting during Ramadan, or the nature of God.

Ala ad-Din Muhammad II ( Arabic: علاءالدين محمد ʿAlā al-Dīn Muḥammad ) was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220.

The book Kitāb man nusiba ilá ummihi min al-shu ‘ arā ’ ( The book of poets who are named with the lineage of their mothers ) by the 9th-century author Muḥammad ibn Ḥabīb is a study of the matronymics of Arabic poets.

Muhammad Taqi Usmani (, Muḥammad Taqī ‘ Usmāni, Arabic: ‘ Uthmāni ; born 1943 ) ( also spelled Uthmani ) is a Hanafi Islamic scholar from Pakistan.

Sulṭān Hāshim Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Ṭāʾī ( سلطان هاشم أحمد محمد الطائي, b. 1944 in Mosul, Iraq ) was Minister of Defense under Saddam Hussein's regime.

Muhammad al-Nasir ( الناصر لدين الله محمد بن المنصور, an-Nāṣir li-dīn Allah Muḥammad ibn al-Manṣūr, died 1213 ) was the Almohad caliph from 1198 until his death.

Mohamed Abdel Moneim Al-Fayed (, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Munʻim al-Fāyad ; born 27 January 1933 ) is an Egyptian businessman.

His first wife was Fāṭima bint Yūnus and their first son Muḥammad ‘ Imāduddin was probably born in Mecca ( Hirtenstein 150 ).

Omar Bakri Muhammad ( ` Umar Bakrī Muḥammad ; born Omar Bakri Fostock in 1958 in Syria ) is an Islamist militant leader who was instrumental in developing Hizb ut-Tahrir in the United Kingdom before leaving the group and heading another Islamist organisation, Al-Muhajiroun, until its disbandment in 2004.

Mohammed Haydar Zammar ( Muḥammad Ḥaydar Zammār ) ( born in 1961 in Aleppo, Syria ) is a Muslim jihadist who served as an important al-Qaida recruiter.

Jamal Ahmed Mohamed al-Fadl (, Jamāl Aḥmad Muḥammad al-Faḍl ) ( born 1963 -) is a Sudanese militant and former associate of Osama bin Laden in the early 1990s.

Abu ` Abdallah Muhammad XII ( Abū ‘ Abd Allāh Muḥammad al-thānī ‘ ashar ) ( c. 1460 – c. 1533 ), known as Boabdil ( a Spanish rendering of the name Abu Abdullah ), was the twenty-second and last Nasrid ruler of Granada in Iberia.

It is sometimes erroneously stated that lattice multiplication was described by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( Baghdad, c. 825 ) or by Fibonacci in his Liber Abaci ( Italy, 1202, 1228 ).

Administration of the province was assigned to the Northern Bureau in Kabul .< ref name = mcchesiraj > Fayz Muḥammad Katib.

Her father was Mírzá Muḥammad ` Alí Nahrí of Isfahan an eminent Bahá ’ í of the city and prominent aristocrat.

He is also the author of " al-Bayān wa ' l-Taḥṣīl, wa ' l-Sharḥ wa ' l-Tawjīh wa ' l-Ta ` līl fi Masā ' il al-Mustakhraja, " a long and detailed commentary based on the " Mustakhraja " of Muḥammad al -` Utbī al-Qurtubī.

Administration of the province was assigned to the Northern Bureau in Kabul .< ref name = mcchesiraj > Fayz Muḥammad Katib.

A firework display for Muḥammad Sháh, portrayed seated and leaning against a bolster.

The earliest known waqf, founded by financial official Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Mād ̲ h ̲ arāʾī in 919 ( during the Abbāsid period ), is a pond called Birkat Ḥabas ̲ h ̲ together with its surrounding orchards, whose revenue was to be used to operate a hydraulic complex and feed the poor.

His father, ‘ Ali ibn Muḥammad, served in the Army of ibn Mardanīsh.

When ibn Mardanīsh died in 1172 AD, ‘ Ali ibn Muḥammad swiftly shifted his allegiance to the Almohad Sultan, Abū Ya ’ qūb Yūsuf I, and became one of his military advisers.

Another important cause of this retreat was a vision of the three great prophets Moses, Jesus and Muḥammad.

In 1193 at the age of 28 Ibn ‘ Arabī visited Tunis to meet the disciples of Abu Madyan, notably ‘ Abd al -‘ Aziz al-Mahdawī and Abū Muḥammad ‘ Abdallāh al-Kinānī.

In the year 586, while visiting the dying saint al-Qabā ’ ili in Cordoba, Ibn ‘ Arabī had a vision in which he met all the Prophets from the time of Adam to Muḥammad in their spiritual reality.

From Cordoba they traveled to Granada and met with ‘ Abdallāh al-Mawrūrī and Abū Muḥammad al-Shakkāz.

This companion was Muḥammad al-Haṣṣār of Fes.

Perhaps the death of his companion Muḥammad al-Haṣṣār was due to this plague.

This time Ibn ‘ Arabī was travelling north ; first they visited the city of Muḥammad and in 601 AH they entered Baghdad.

The following year he headed toward Cairo, staying there with his old Andalusian friends, including Abū al -‘ Abbās al-Ḥarrār, his brother Muḥammad al-Khayyāt and ‘ Abdallāh al-Mawrūrī.

Ibn ‘ Arabī had several visions of Muḥammad at Damascus.