Cetus took Mullis off his usual projects to concentrate on PCR full-time.

Mullis returned to science at the encouragement of friend Thomas White, who later got Mullis a job with the biotechnology company Cetus Corporation of Emeryville, California.

Mullis worked as a DNA chemist at Cetus for seven years ; it was there, in 1983, that Mullis invented his prize-winning improvements to the polymerase chain reaction.

After leaving Cetus in 1986, Mullis served as director of molecular biology for Xytronyx, Inc. in San Diego for two years.

In 1983, Mullis was working for Cetus Corp. as a chemist.

That spring, according to Mullis, he was driving his vehicle late one night with his girlfriend, who was also a chemist at Cetus, when he had the idea to use a pair of primers to bracket the desired DNA sequence and to copy it using DNA polymerase, a technique which would allow a small strand of DNA to be copied almost an infinite number of times.

The suggestion that Mullis was solely responsible for the idea of using Taq polymerase in the PCR process has been contested by his co-workers at the time, who were embittered by his abrupt departure from Cetus.

As a result, some controversy surrounds the balance of credit that should be given to Mullis versus the team at Cetus.

In practice, credit has accrued to both the inventor and the company ( although not its individual workers ) in the form of a Nobel Prize and a $ 10, 000 Cetus bonus for Mullis and $ 300 million for Cetus when the company sold the patent to Roche Molecular Systems.

Later, Kary Mullis and other investigators at Cetus Corporation discovered this enzyme could be used in the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) process for amplifying short segments of DNA, eliminating the need to add enzyme after every cycle of thermal denaturation of the DNA.

In the early 1980s, Kary Mullis was working at Cetus Corporation on the application of synthetic DNAs to biotechnology.

Since winning the Nobel Prize, Mullis has been criticized in The New York Times for promoting ideas in areas in which he has no expertise.

Mullis has consulted on nucleic acid chemistry for multiple corporations.

Mullis has also invented a UV-sensitive plastic that changes color in response to light, and most recently has been working on an approach for mobilizing the immune system to neutralize invading pathogens and toxins, leading to the formation of his current venture, Altermune LLC.

Mullis has said that the never-ending quest for more grants and staying with established dogmas has hurt science.

Mullis has drawn controversy for his association with prominent AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg, claiming that AIDS is an arbitrary diagnosis only used when HIV antibodies are found in a patient's blood.

Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications.

In 1993, Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Michael Smith for his work on PCR.

* 1983 — Kary Mullis invented " PCR " ( polymerase chain reaction ), an automated method for rapidly copying sequences of DNA.

In 1993, Dr. Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work with PCR.

In 1983 Kary Mullis devised a method for the in-vitro amplification of DNA, known as the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ), which revolutionized the chemical processes used in the laboratory to manipulate it.

The 1993 prize credited Kary Mullis with the development of the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) method, a central technique in molecular biology which allowed for the amplification of specified DNA sequences.

Mullis ' co-workers at that time denied that he was solely responsible for the idea of using Taq polymerase in the PCR process.

Kary Mullis received the Nobel Prize in 1993, the only one awarded for research performed at a biotechnology company.

* 1991 Sydney Brenner, John E. Sulston, M. Judah Folkman, Robert F. Furchgott, David H. MacLennan, Kary B. Mullis

Kary Banks Mullis ( born December 28, 1944 ) is a Nobel Prize winning American biochemist, author, and lecturer.

The improvements made by Mullis allowed PCR to become a central technique in biochemistry and molecular biology, described by The New York Times as " highly original and significant, virtually dividing biology into the two epochs of before P. C. R.

Mullis was born in Lenoir, North Carolina, near the Blue Ridge Mountains, on December 28, 1944.

As a child, Mullis recalls, he was interested in observing organisms in the countryside.

Mullis earned a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta in 1966, during which time he got married and started a business.

Following his graduation, Mullis became a postdoctoral fellow in pediatric cardiology at the University of Kansas Medical School, going on to complete two years of postdoctoral work in pharmaceutical chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco.

After receiving his PhD, Mullis left science to write fiction, but quit and became a biochemist at a medical school in Kansas City.

In 1992, Mullis founded a business with the intent to sell pieces of jewelry containing the amplified DNA of deceased famous people like Elvis Presley and Marilyn Monroe.

Mullis is also a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board.

Mullis succeeded on demonstrating PCR December 16, 1983.

Saiki generated the needed data and authored the first paper to include utilization of the technique, while Mullis was still working on a paper that would describe PCR itself.

She softly let herself into the bed, and took her regular side, away from the door, where she slept better because Keith was between her and the invader.

The deeds of countless western bandits and outlaws have been glorified almost to the point of hero-worship, but because Billy Tilghman remained strictly on the side of the law throughout his action-packed career, his achievements and the appalling risks he took while taming the West have remained almost unsung.

Seeing their hesitation, I said, `` Well, until I have permission to enter Germany, or a visa to re-enter France, I shall be obliged to remain here on the line between two countries '', whereupon I moved to the side of the road, parked my backpack against the small guardhouse on the sidewalk, sat down, took out my typewriter, and began typing the above conversation.

The road past the butcher shop took us along the side of a stream.

The Cuman mercenaries among the Byzantine forces immediately defected to the Turkish side ; and, seeing this, " the Western mercenaries rode off and took no part in the battle.

The early policy of Ambracia was determined by its loyalty to Corinth ( for which it probably served as an entrepot in the Epirus trade ), its consequent aversion to Corcyra ( as Ambracia participated on the Corinthian side at the Battle of Sybota, which took place in 433 BC between the rebellious corinthian colony of Corcyra ( modern Corfu ) and Corinth ).

In 1120, the young prince took the side of Paio Mendes da Maia, the Archbishop of Braga, a political foe of Theresa, and both were exiled by her orders.

Although in his later years, towards the end of the Trojan War, his old opponents took his side again against the Greeks under their queen Penthesilea " of Thracian birth ", who was slain by Achilles.

Before the Civil War he was firmly against secession, but when the war started he nevertheless took the side of the Confederacy.

Like her mother and brother, who was widely worshiped at Troy, Artemis took the side of the Trojans.

The last actual bishop was Matthias von Jagow ( d. 1544 ), who took the side of the Reformation, married, and in every way furthered the undertakings of Elector Joachim II.

Wegener acknowledged the signal, then ordered his men to cease firing, and took U-27 along the port side of Nicosian to intercept Baralong.

They took the side of the Senate in most conflicts with the Princeps, invariably viewing him as being in the wrong.

While the impacts took place on the side of Jupiter hidden from Earth, Galileo, then at a distance of 1. 6 AU from the planet, was able to see the impacts as they occurred.

Separating from his superior, Metropolitan Acacius of Caesarea, a partisan of Arius who taught that Jesus was a divine being created by — and therefore inferior to — God the Father, St. Cyril took the side of the Eusebians of the post-Nicene conciliation party and thus got into difficulties with his superior that were increased by Acacius's jealousy of the importance assigned to St. Cyril's See by the Council of Nicaea.

In the early years other teams from Wales, Ireland and Scotland also took part in the competition, with Glasgow side Queen's Park losing the final to Blackburn Rovers in 1884 and 1885 before being barred from entering by the Scottish Football Association.

He did not admit the possibility of antipodes, which he took to mean people dwelling on the opposite side of the Earth, considering them to be legendary and noting that there was no evidence for their existence.

In 1555, Paul IV was elected pope and took the side of France, whereupon an exhausted Charles finally gave up his hopes of a world Christian empire.

Narrators who took the side of Abu Bakr and Umar rather than Ali, in the disputes over leadership that followed the death of Muhammad, are seen as unreliable by the Shia ; narrations sourced to Ali and the family of Muhammad, and to their supporters, are preferred.

In Parzival, Wolfram von Eschenbach, citing the authority of a certain ( probably fictional ) Kyot the Provençal, claimed the Grail was a stone ( called lapis exillis ) that fell from Heaven, and had been the sanctuary of the neutral angels who took neither side during Lucifer's rebellion.

They took on the Kips Bay residential area on the east side of Manhattan, where Pei set up Kips Bay Towers, two large long towers of apartments with recessed windows ( to provide shade and privacy ) in a neat grid, adorned with rows of trees.

Ibn Battuta returned to Cairo and took a second side trip, this time to Mamluk-controlled Damascus.

Wounded feelings gave rise to a bitter three-way quarrel between Rousseau and Madame d ' Epinay ; her lover, the philologist Grimm ; and their mutual friend, Diderot, who took their side against Rousseau.

Home theater systems took off, and karaoke went from being the main purpose of the stereo system to a side feature.