Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins which are responsible for the color of purple grapes.

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome and are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic chemicals, as well as errors that occur during meiosis or DNA replication.

Mutations in transpeptidases that lead to reduced interactions with an antibiotic are a significant source of emerging antibiotic resistance.

Mutations are an important force driving evolution.

Mutations that affect insulin-like signaling in worms, flies, and the growth hormone / IGF1 axis in mice are associated with extended lifespan.

Mutations are permanent, transmissible changes to the genetic material ( usually DNA or RNA ) of a cell.

Mutations are considered the driving force of evolution, where less favorable ( or deleterious ) mutations are removed from the gene pool by natural selection, while more favorable ( or beneficial ) ones tend to accumulate.

Mutations leading to the loss of function of a gene are much more common than mutations that produce a new, fully functional gene.

Mutations in the tafazzin gene ( TAZ, also called G4. 5 ) are closely associated with

Mutations periodically occur within the Y chromosome and these mutations are passed on to males in subsequent generations.

Mutations of the genes VHL, RET, NF1 ( Gene 17 Neurofibromatosis type 1 ), SDHB and SDHD are all known to cause familial pheochromocytoma / extra-adrenal paraganglioma.

Mutations are characterized as either β < sup > o </ sup > or β thalassemia major if they prevent any formation of β chains, the most severe form of β thalassemia.

Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation because they alter the order of bases in the nucleotides of DNA.

Mutations are likely to be rare and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances the new alleles can be favored by natural selection.

Mutations in the Ras family of proto-oncogenes ( comprising H-Ras, N-Ras and K-Ras ) are very common, being found in 20 % to 30 % of all human tumours.

Mutations in this gene are rare.

Mutations affecting repressor are said to be recessive to wild type ( and that wild type is dominant ), and this is explained by the fact that repressor is a small protein which can diffuse in the cell.

Mutations usually sound at pitches in the harmonic series of the fundamental and, except where they are derived from unit ranks, are always tuned pure.

Mutations within the desmosome are the main cause of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ( ARVC ).

Mutations of the WT1 gene on chromosome 11 p 13 are observed in approximately 20 % of Wilms ' tumors .< ref > At least half of the Wilms ' tumors with mutations in WT1 also carry mutations in CTNNB1, the gene encoding the proto-oncogene beta-catenin.

Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division and by exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses, or can occur deliberately under cellular control during the processes such as meiosis or hypermutation.

Polycystic Disease is a genetic disease caused by Mutations in the PKD1, PKD2, and PKHD1 genes.

Mutations of the wingless gene in the fruit fly were found in wingless flies, while tumors caused by MMTV were found to have copies of the virus integrated into the genome forcing overproduction of one of several Wnt genes.

Mutations in the SLC26A2 gene cause diastrophic dysplasia, and it is one of a spectrum of skeletal disorders caused by mutations in the SLC26A2 gene.

* IARC TP53 Somatic Mutations database maintained at IARC, Lyon, by Magali Olivier

Koolhaas's next landmark publications were a product of his position as professor at Harvard University, in the design school's " Project on the City "; firstly the 720-page Mutations, followed by The Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping ( 2002 ) and The Great Leap Forward ( 2002 ).

Mutations in the gene coding for the NADPH oxidase cause an immunodeficiency syndrome called chronic granulomatous disease, characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection, especially catalase positive organisms.

Mutations in GNAT2 tend to result in a truncated and, presumably, non-functional protein, thereby preventing alteration of cGMP levels by photons.

Mutations leading to carcinoma may be accelerated by genetic or environmental factors and other risk factors already described.

Mutations in the WFS1 gene cause Wolfram syndrome, which is also known by the acronym DIDMOAD.

Mutations make c-kit function independent of activation by scf, leading to a high cell division rate and possibly genomic instability.

Mutations in the cathepsin K gene are associated with pycnodysostosis, a hereditary osteopetrotic disease, characterised by lack of functional cathepsin K expression.

*" Mutations ", a song by Salt the Wound from their 2009 album, Ares

Mutations in daf-2 have been shown by Cynthia Kenyon to double the lifespan of the worms.

* Beck's " High Five ( Rock the Catskills )" on the album Odelay ( 1996 ), starting at 2: 10 and finishing at 2: 30 ; and on " Tropicalia " from the album Mutations ( 1998 ) played by Smokey Hormel

Mutations in the genes encoding this protein have been associated with White Sponge Nevus, characterized by oral, esophageal, and anal leukoplakia.

Mutations in the ceruloplasmin gene (< i > CP </ i >), which are very rare, can lead to the genetic disease aceruloplasminemia, characterized by hyperferritinemia with iron overload.

Mutations in the MUTYH gene are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means two copies of the gene must be altered for a person to be affected by the disorder.

Mutations that only mildly decrease the enzyme's function do not normally cause the severe form of LNS, but do produce a milder form of the disease which still features purine overproduction accompanied by susceptibility to gout and uric acid nephrolithiasis.

Mutations in human CNGA3 and CNGB3 are involved in complete achromatopsia, which is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited and congenital disorder characterized by the complete failure in color distinction.

Mutations in viral genes weakened their infectious ability, sometimes creating viruses that were able to infect and grow within only certain varieties of E coli.

Mutations in nsP2 that produce noncytopathic viruses or a temperature sensitive phenotypes cluster at the P2 / P3 interface region.