The Arc de Triomphe ( in English: " Triumphal Arch ") honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars, with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.

In the attic above the richly sculptured frieze of soldiers are 30 shields engraved with the names of major Revolutionary and Napoleonic military victories.

* Some great battles of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars are engraved on the attic, including

Regardless, he remains among Austria's pantheon of heroes of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars.

Among these actions were the Seven Years ' War, the American Revolutionary War, the Napoleonic Wars, the First and Second Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, the New Zealand land wars, the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the First and Second Boer Wars, the Fenian raids, the Irish War of Independence, its serial interventions into Afghanistan ( which were meant to maintain a friendly buffer state between British India and the Russian Empire ), and the Crimean War ( to keep the Russian Empire at a safe distance by coming to Turkey's aid ).

Internal political upheaval eventually led to 23 years of nearly continuous conflict in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History ( ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006 )

Particularly after the end of the boom created by the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars ( 1790 – 1815 ), these landlords needed cash to maintain their position in London society, and had less need of soldiers.

The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History ( ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006 )

The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History ( ABC-CLIO: 3 vol 2006 )

The evidence for this hypothesis is the lack of inflation in the English economy until the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars when paper money was extensively used.

There was an economic revival ( mechanization of textile manufacture, first trains ...) after the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars ( 1792 – 1815 ).

Especially after 1795, Revolutionary and Napoleonic France was esteemed by most Poles at that time as the best champion for the reconstitution of their country as it was a mutual enemy of Austria, Prussia and Russia.

The extensive period of conflict during the American Revolutionary War ( or American War of Independence ) and Napoleonic Wars ( 1793 – 1815 ), followed by the Anglo-American War of 1812, led to the emergence of a cartel system for the exchange of prisoners, even while the belligerents were at war.

In the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, new techniques stressed the division of armies into all-arms corps that would march separately and only come together on the battlefield.

The reign was notable for the building of a second empire based in India, Asia and Africa, the beginnings of the industrial revolution that made Britain an economic powerhouse, and above all the life and death struggle with the French, the French Revolutionary Wars 1793-1802, ending in a draw and a short truce, and the epic Napoleonic Wars ( 1803 – 1815, ending with the decisive defeat of Napoleon.

* November – Congress of Vienna: The settling of the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.

Sparta was also used as a model of social purity by Revolutionary and Napoleonic France.

This was a difficult time for England's poor ; the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars that followed caused food shortages.

The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.

The French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars spread nationalism and anti-absolutism throughout Europe, and the other Bourbon monarchs were threatened.

No consensus exists as to when the French Revolutionary Wars ended and the Napoleonic Wars began.

No consensus exists as to when the French Revolutionary Wars ended and the Napoleonic Wars began.

In France, the Napoleonic Wars are generally associated with the French Revolutionary Wars: Les guerres de la Révolution et de l ' Empire.

* 1810 – Napoleonic Wars: The French Navy defeats the British Royal Navy, preventing them from taking the harbour of Grand Port on Île de France.

) Ampère ’ s maturation corresponded with the transition to the Napoleonic regime in France, and the young father and teacher found new opportunities for success within the technocratic structures favoured by the new French emperor.

The third congress took place in 1818 to decide the fate of occupied Napoleonic France.

Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria via Napoleonic France to the Helvetic Republic, was briefly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter (' Lieutenant '), but on 9 March 1803 was incorporated in the canton of Aargau.

In 1810, the Kingdom of Holland was a vassel of Napoleonic France and hence in conflict with England.

Clausewitz served in the Rhine Campaigns ( 1793 – 1794 ) including the Siege of Mainz, when the Prussian army invaded France during the French Revolution, and served in the Napoleonic Wars from 1806 to 1815.

Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorations of monarchy ( Bourbon Restoration and July Monarchy ), and two additional revolutions ( 1830 and 1848 ) as modern France took shape.

The French accent had apparently been added to the name by Kekulé's father during the Napoleonic occupation of Hesse by France, in order to ensure that French speakers pronounced the third syllable.

Francis I continued his leading role as an opponent of Napoleonic France in the Napoleonic Wars, and suffered several more defeats after Austerlitz.

He again fought against France during the Second and Third Coalition, when after meeting crushing defeat at Austerlitz, he had to agree to the Treaty of Pressburg, weakening the Austrian Empire and reorganizing Germany under a Napoleonic imprint that would be called the Confederation of the Rhine.

The Eastern Question began as early as the 2 December 1852 with the Napoleonic coup against the Second Republic of France.

In 1791 France became the first nation to decriminalise homosexuality, probably thanks in part to the homosexual Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès who was one of the authors of the Napoleonic code.

Following Napoleon's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars France went through several further regime changes, being ruled as a monarchy, then briefly as a Second Republic, and then as a Second Empire, until a more lasting French Third Republic was established in 1870.

Although the Russian Empire would play a leading political role in the next century, secured by its defeat of Napoleonic France, its retention of serfdom precluded economic progress of any significant degree.

* 1815 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.

* 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: the Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.

The Leipzig region was the arena of the 1813 Battle of Leipzig between Napoleonic France and an allied coalition of Prussia, Russia, Austria and Sweden.

During the Napoleonic wars, the " Isle de France " had become a base from which French corsairs organised successful raids on British commercial ships.

* 1803 – Napoleonic Wars: The United Kingdom revokes the Treaty of Amiens and declares war on France.

Soon after, however, France was convulsed by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, thus allowing overwhelming British influence in Burma.

* 1814 – Congress of Vienna opens to re-draw the European political map after the defeat of France, in the Napoleonic Wars.

* War of the Oranges, a brief 1801 conflict between the Kingdom of Portugal and the joint forces of Spain and Napoleonic France