Nineteenth-century closet drama became a longer poetic form, without the connection to practical theatre and performance.

Nineteenth-century experimentation with photographic processes frequently became proprietary.

Nineteenth-century virtues, however, seem somehow to have gone out of fashion and the Bright book has never been particularly popular.

Nineteenth-century travellers could point to the Hill of San Giovanni on the northwest shore of the Gulf of Ajaccio, which still had a cathedral said to have been the 6th century seat of the Bishop of Ajaccio.

Nineteenth-century bird's-eye view of Fort Collins.

Nineteenth-century biologists reported that the Hydra was such a simple animal that it was possible to force one through gauze to separate it into individual cells ; if the cells were then left to themselves, they would regroup to form a hydra again.

Nineteenth-century newspaper reports of actual gypsy weddings indicate that they took place in church.

Nineteenth-century Irish amateur scholar William Betham speculated that worship of Oannes is the origin of the cult of the Roman god Janus.

Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented " an almost totally unfavourable picture " of the king ; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play.

Nineteenth-century comparative mythology reinterpreted myth as evolution toward science ( E. B. Tylor ), " disease of language " ( Max Müller ), or misinterpretation of magical ritual ( James Frazer ).

Nineteenth-century interpretations of myth were often highly comparative, seeking a common origin for all myths.

Nineteenth-century positivist historians stressed what they saw as Thucydides ' seriousness, his scientific objectivity and his advanced handling of evidence.

* Nineteenth-century theatre – wide range of movements in the theatrical culture of Europe and the United States in the 19th century.

Nineteenth-century English ( language ) literature features usages of nigger without racist connotation, e. g. the Joseph Conrad novella The Nigger of the ' Narcissus ' ( 1897 ).

: Great Puzzles In Nineteenth-century Fiction.

Nineteenth-century Britain was home to a great deal of scientific progress.

In R. Bellamy, ed., Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-century Political Thought and Practice, London, pp. 5870

Nineteenth-century botanists had problems in classifying Douglas-firs, due to the species ' similarity to various other conifers better known at the time ; they have at times been classified in Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia.

Nineteenth-century British anthropology advanced a lineal, evolutionary sequence in a given culture from savagery to civilization.

Nineteenth-century culinary writer Pierre Lacam suggested that in 1459, a London woman named Annamarie Turcauht stumbled upon this condiment after trying to create a custard of some sort.

Nineteenth-century critic Rev.

Nineteenth-century inventors were reluctant to accept this added complication and experimented with a variety of caseless or self-consuming cartridges before finally accepting that the advantages of brass cases far outweighed this one drawback.

Nineteenth-century Cannes can still be seen in its grand villas, built to reflect the wealth and standing of their owners and inspired by anything from medieval castles to Roman villas.

Suddenly the market became flooded with musicals, revues and operettas.

Offenbach became associated with the Second French Empire of Napoleon III ; the emperor and his court were genially satirised in many of Offenbach's operettas.

Pinafore and The Mikado, and adaptations of Karl Millöcker's operettas, such as Der Bettelstudent, or Franz von Suppé's Boccaccio, all of which became popular in America.

Although the original schlager was heavily influenced by operettas, cabaret-and variety-style music and jazz, this started to change during the 1960s and 1970s when schlager music became more pop-oriented.

By the second half of the 19th century, the London musical stage was dominated by pantomime and musical burlesque, as well as bawdy, badly translated continental operettas, often including " ballets " featuring much prurient interest, and visiting the theatre became distasteful to the respectable public, especially women and children.

He became director of plays and operettas at Monte Carlo in 1924.

He alternated his theater's presentations between operettas and family-oriented variety shows, creating what became known as vaudeville.

He even composed English operettas, together with the lyric writer Fred S. Tysh, from one of which, Old Chelsea, the song My Heart and I became one of his most popular English recordings.

However, after Thomashefsky became an enormous popular success in Moses Halevy Horowitz's operetta David ben Jesse at Moishe Finkel's National Theater, the Union Theater temporarily to abandon its highbrow programming and competed head on, with operettas Judith and Holofernes, Titus Andronicus, or the Second Destruction of the Temple, and Hymie in America.

It was the first of a series of modern escapist, lightweight operettas and glittering revue-style entertainments which quickly made Rökk one of Germany's most popular actresses.

His vocal quality suited him to play the comic baritone roles in French operettas.

It produced full scale productions of popular musicals and operettas including Oklahoma !, Carousel, The Mikado, Guys and Dolls, The Pirates of Penzance, Me and My Girl, My Fair Lady, The Yeoman of the Guard, Gigi, Fiddler on the Roof, The Gondoliers, Anything Goes, The Merry Widow, Iolanthe, The Producers and HMS Pinafore.

Other film genres typical of this period were adaptations of operettas, hospital melodramas, comedies and musicals.

Carte's real ambition was to develop an English form of light opera that would displace the bawdy burlesques and badly translated French operettas then dominating the London stage.

She was the founder of Syracuse Oratory School, and Baum advertised his services in her catalog to teach theatre, including stage business, playwriting, directing, and translating ( French, German, and Italian ), revision, and operettas, though he was not employed to do so.

Steiner worked in New York for eleven years as a musical director, arranger, orchestrator, and conductor of Broadway operettas and musicals written by Victor Herbert, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, and George Gershwin, among others.

The only exceptions were ballad operas, such as John Gay's The Beggar's Opera ( 1728 ), musical burlesques, European operettas, and late Victorian era light operas, notably the Savoy Operas of W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, all of which types of musical entertainments frequently spoofed operatic conventions.

Sullivan wrote only one grand opera, Ivanhoe ( following the efforts of a number of young English composers beginning about 1876 ), but he claimed that even his light operas constituted part of a school of " English " opera, intended to supplant the French operettas ( usually performed in bad translations ) that had dominated the London stage from the mid-19th century into the 1870s.

The early cinema of Brazil featured fitas cantatas: filmed operettas with singers performing behind the screen.

His other interests included singing in the Boston Cecilia, and he was a great aficionado of Gilbert and Sullivan operettas.

Halévy, who had written the text for Bizet's student opera Le docteur Miracle ( 1856 ), was a cousin of Bizet's wife, Geneviève ; he and Meilhac had a solid reputation as the librettists of many of Jacques Offenbach's operettas.

After a series of operettas, Leoncavallo tried for one last serious effort ( Edipo Re ), but he died before he could finish the orchestration, which was completed by Giovanni Pennacchio.

The audience at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, the birthplace of Offenbach's operettas ( 1860 ) Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter.

What characterizes Offenbach's operettas is both the grotesque way they portray life, and the extremely frivolous way this is done, often bordering on the pornographic.

The highly erotic way Offenbach's operettas were originally played, with stars like Hortense Schneider — or the legendary courtesan Cora Pearl, who appeared in a revival of Offenbach's Orphée aux Enfers in 1867 completely covered in diamonds and little else — created a scandalized reaction from certain parts of the general public.

Many of the originally pornographic French ( and Viennese ) operettas were later played in a toned-down, " classical " version, which is how audiences today are mostly presented with the genre — in an opera house with opera singers, rather than in a private theatre with courtesans in the lead roles.

Berlin operettas also sometimes included aspects of burlesque, revue, farce, or cabaret.

Much later, in the 1920s and 1930s, Kurt Weill took a more extreme form of the Berlin operetta style and used it in his operas, operettas, and musicals.

These bucolic, nostalgic, home-loving operettas were officially preferred over Berlin-style operettas after 1933, when the Nazis came to power and instituted the Reichsmusikkammer ( State Music Institute ), which deprecated and banned " decadent " music like jazz and similar " foreign " musical forms.

Sullivan and Gilbert and their producer Richard D ' Oyly Carte themselves call their joint works comic operas to distinguish this family-friendly fare from the risqué French operettas of the 1850s and 1860s.

Beginning in 1907, with The Merry Widow, many of the Viennese operettas were adapted very successfully for the English stage.

More modern American operettas include Leonard Bernstein's Candide.