Nineteenth-century New York slaves shingle danced for spare change on their days off, and musicians played what they claimed to be " Negro music " on so-called black instruments like the banjo.

Nineteenth-century biologists reported that the Hydra was such a simple animal that it was possible to force one through gauze to separate it into individual cells ; if the cells were then left to themselves, they would regroup to form a hydra again.

Nineteenth-century newspaper reports of actual gypsy weddings indicate that they took place in church.

Nineteenth-century botanists had problems in classifying Douglas-firs, due to the species ' similarity to various other conifers better known at the time ; they have at times been classified in Pinus, Picea, Abies, Tsuga, and even Sequoia.

Nineteenth-century scholars saw the unification as a result of a series of wars based on evidence from the Norse sagas.

Nineteenth-century Britain was home to a great deal of scientific progress.

Nineteenth-century British anthropology advanced a lineal, evolutionary sequence in a given culture from savagery to civilization.

Nineteenth-century and early-twentieth-century archaeology found almost no evidence of a god called Moloch or Molech.

Nineteenth-century virtues, however, seem somehow to have gone out of fashion and the Bright book has never been particularly popular.

Nineteenth-century travellers could point to the Hill of San Giovanni on the northwest shore of the Gulf of Ajaccio, which still had a cathedral said to have been the 6th century seat of the Bishop of Ajaccio.

Nineteenth-century bird's-eye view of Fort Collins.

Nineteenth-century Irish amateur scholar William Betham speculated that worship of Oannes is the origin of the cult of the Roman god Janus.

Nineteenth-century fictional depictions of John were heavily influenced by Sir Walter Scott's historical romance, Ivanhoe, which presented " an almost totally unfavourable picture " of the king ; the work drew on Victorian histories of the period and on Shakespeare's play.

Nineteenth-century comparative mythology reinterpreted myth as evolution toward science ( E. B. Tylor ), " disease of language " ( Max Müller ), or misinterpretation of magical ritual ( James Frazer ).

Nineteenth-century interpretations of myth were often highly comparative, seeking a common origin for all myths.

* Nineteenth-century theatre – wide range of movements in the theatrical culture of Europe and the United States in the 19th century.

Nineteenth-century English ( language ) literature features usages of nigger without racist connotation, e. g. the Joseph Conrad novella The Nigger of the ' Narcissus ' ( 1897 ).

: Great Puzzles In Nineteenth-century Fiction.

In R. Bellamy, ed., Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-century Political Thought and Practice, London, pp. 5870

Nineteenth-century culinary writer Pierre Lacam suggested that in 1459, a London woman named Annamarie Turcauht stumbled upon this condiment after trying to create a custard of some sort.

Nineteenth-century operettas became the preserve of lightweight baritone voices.

Nineteenth-century critic Rev.

Nineteenth-century inventors were reluctant to accept this added complication and experimented with a variety of caseless or self-consuming cartridges before finally accepting that the advantages of brass cases far outweighed this one drawback.

Nineteenth-century Cannes can still be seen in its grand villas, built to reflect the wealth and standing of their owners and inspired by anything from medieval castles to Roman villas.

By the 18th century, historians had turned toward a more positivist approach focusing on fact as much as possible, but still with an eye on telling histories that could instruct and improve.

By the mid-1970s, it had become commonplace among historians of science to employ the terms ‘ Whig ’ and ‘ Whiggish ’, often accompanied by one or more of ‘ hagiographic ’, ‘ internalist ’, ‘ triumphalist ’, even ‘ positivist ’, to denigrate grand narratives of scientific progress.

In addition to being a populist, he was a pioneer of positivist methodology in history, the founder of the so-called " Kiev Documentalist School " of Ukrainian historians, and mentor of the most famous of these, Mykhailo Hrushevsky.

Carr notes that in the 19th century, western historians held to an empirical, positivist worldview that revolved around a " cult of facts ", viewing historical facts as information that simply had to be assembled to produce an objective picture of the past that was entirely accurate and independent of any human opinion.

In a review in 1963 in Historische Zeitschrift, Andreas Hillgruber wrote favourably of Carr's geistvoll-ironischer ( ironically spirited ) criticism of conservative, liberal and positivist historians.

Consider what follows from the positivist view.

It ideally removes the past event, and shows that this would render false what we mean to say, whereas on positivist grounds it should not.

No legal positivist, however, argues that it follows that the law is therefore to be obeyed, no matter what.

A key difference between the two positions is that while positivist theories, such as neo-realism, offer causal explanations ( such as why and how power is exercised ), post-positivist theories focus instead on constitutive questions, for instance what is meant by ' power '; what makes it up, how it is experienced and how it is reproduced.

If Positivism is understood as an explanation of what law is, Formalism can be said to be a positivist explanation of how law and legal systems operate.

For Lewis, the positivist conception of meaning omits precisely what a pragmatist would count as empirical meaning.

And what science confers, " a moral grandeur, bureaucratic organisation of human lives in the light of … la petite science, positivist application of quasi-scientific rules to society – all this Sorel despised and hated ", 328 as so much self-delusion and nonsense that generates no good and nothing of lasting value.

Tilley and his early collaborator Daniel Miller were amongst the most strongly relativist of first wave postprocessualist archaeologists, and was particularly critical of what he saw as the negative political implications of positivist processual archaeology.

Buchanan's own program, however, differed from these generally empiricist, positivist, or pragmatist movements by stressing what he saw as the need for reforms in the mathematical symbolism employed in modern science.

Sophisticated positivist and natural law theories sometimes resemble each other more than the above descriptions might suggest, and they may concede certain points to the other " side ".

Steeped in the positivist " scientific politics ", they functioned as part of his program of modernization at the start of the 20th century.

Jürgen Habermas argues, in his On the Logic of the Social Sciences ( 1967 ), that " the positivist thesis of unified science, which assimilates all the sciences to a natural-scientific model, fails because of the intimate relationship between the social sciences and history, and the fact that they are based on a situation-specific understanding of meaning that can be explicated only hermeneutically ... access to a symbolically prestructured reality cannot be gained by observation alone.

Jürgen Habermas argues, in his On the Logic of the Social Sciences ( 1967 ), that " the positivist thesis of unified science, which assimilates all the sciences to a natural-scientific model, fails because of the intimate relationship between the social sciences and history, and the fact that they are based on a situation-specific understanding of meaning that can be explicated only hermeneutically ... access to a symbolically prestructured reality cannot be gained by observation alone.