Nobel later on combined nitroglycerin with various nitrocellulose compounds, similar to collodion, but settled on a more efficient recipe combining another nitrate explosive, and obtained a transparent, jelly-like substance, which was a more powerful explosive than dynamite.

Martin Ryle's group in Cambridge obtained a Nobel Prize for interferometry and aperture synthesis.

Although Gold won a prize fellowship from Trinity College for his thesis on the regeneration and obtained a junior lectureship at the Cavendish Laboratory, his theory was widely ignored by ear specialists and physiologists, such as future Nobel Prize winner Georg von Békésy, who did not believe the cochlea operated under a feedback system.

Australian writers who have obtained international renown include the Nobel winning author Patrick White, as well as authors Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally, Colleen McCullough, Nevil Shute and Morris West.

In 1936 he traveled to England to begin advanced studies at the University of Cambridge, under the supervision of another Nobel Prize winner, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, who had obtained that distinction in 1929 for his work in physiology and in revealing the critical role of vitamins in maintaining good health.

Siegbahn obtained the Nobel Prize for developing the method of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis ( ESCA ), now usually described as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ).

As a result of the acquisition of Organon BioSciences, Schering-Plough bolstered its animal health business with the Akzo Nobel subsidiary Intervet, obtained control of the active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturer, Diosynth and gained access to human vaccine production through the subsidiary Nobilon.

After some years working in relatively obscure laboratories in Germany, Frisch obtained a position in Hamburg under the Nobel Prize winning scientist Otto Stern.

Meanwhile, in 1887, Alfred Nobel obtained an English patent for a smokeless gunpowder he called Ballistite.

Australian writers who have obtained international renown include the Nobel winning author Patrick White, as well as authors Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally, Colleen McCullough, Nevil Shute and Morris West.

The events depicted are supposed to take place during the French intervention in Mexico, between 1861 and 1866, before M. Nobel obtained patents for his invention: in England on May 7, 1867 and in Sweden on October 19, 1867.

For instance, George Palade obtained the Nobel Prize in biology in 1974.

Nobel held 350 different patents, dynamite being the most famous.

During his life Nobel issued 350 patents internationally and by his death had established 90 armaments factories, despite his belief in pacifism.

Nobel tightly controlled the patents, and unlicensed duplicating companies were quickly shut down.

* May 7 – Alfred Nobel patents dynamite in the United Kingdom.

* Alfred Nobel patents dynamite ( in the United Kingdom on May 7, and in Sweden on October 19 ).

In the 1860s Nobel received several patents around the world for mixtures, devices and manufacturing methods based on the explosive power of nitroglycerine, eventually leading to the invention of dynamite, ballistite and gelignite from which he made a fortune.

Nobel held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous.

Among the recipients of the Nobel Prize for Literature more than half are practically unknown to readers of English.

While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits, the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.

Albert John Luthuli, awarded a Nobel prize for his South African integration struggles, has to get permission to fly to collect his honor.

Last week Chicago happily found its top scholar in Caltech's acting dean of the faculty: dynamic Geneticist George Wells Beadle, 57, who shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for discovering how genes affect heredity by controlling cell chemistry ( Time, Cover, July 14, 1958 ).

Robert Hillyer, the poet, writes in his introduction to this brief animal fable that Mr. Burman ought to win a Nobel Prize for the Catfish Bend series.

As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin ; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work ; and, at 18, he went to the United States for four years to study chemistry, collaborating for a short period under inventor John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War ironclad USS Monitor.

Nobel filed his first patent, for a gas meter, in 1857.

Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884, the same institution that would later select laureates for two of the Nobel prizes, and he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in 1893.

Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping a permanent home in Paris from 1873 to 1891.

Bertha von Suttner was awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace prize, ' for her sincere peace activities '.

Nobel demonstrated his explosive for the first time that year, at a quarry in Redhill, Surrey, England.

In order to help reestablish his name and improve the image of his business from the earlier controversies associated with the dangerous explosives, Nobel had also considered naming the highly powerful substance " Nobel's Safety Powder ", but settled with Dynamite instead, referring to the Greek word for ' power '.

Gelignite was more stable, transportable and conveniently formed to fit into bored holes, like those used in drilling and mining, than the previously used compounds and was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a significant cost to his health.

Camus was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature " for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times ".< ref >

He received the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize for his philosophy of " Reverence for Life ", expressed in many ways, but most famously in founding and sustaining the Albert Schweitzer Hospital in Lambaréné, now in Gabon, west central Africa ( then French Equatorial Africa ).

Alexis Carrel ( June 28, 1873 – November 5, 1944 ) was a French surgeon and biologist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 for pioneering vascular suturing techniques.

While there he collaborated with American physician Charles Claude Guthrie in work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs as well as the head, and Carrel was awarded the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for these efforts.

The most lucrative award an architect can receive is the Pritzker Prize, sometimes termed the " Nobel Prize for architecture.

Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts.

His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

In 1914, Max von Laue of Germany won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals, which was a crucial step towards the invention of X-ray spectroscopy.

Kilby won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for his part of the invention of the integrated circuit.

File: Bardeen. jpg | John Bardeen ( 1908 – 1991 ): awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor and again in 1972 with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.

They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence ( August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958 ) was an American physicist and Nobel Laureate, known for his invention, utilization, and improvement of the cyclotron atom-smasher beginning in 1929, based on his studies of the works of Rolf Widerøe, and his later work in uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project.

For example, the odd metallic color of plastic made by accidentally adding a thousand times too much catalyst led scientists to explore its metal-like properties, inventing electrically conductive plastic and light emitting plastic -— an invention that won the Nobel Prize in 2000 and has led to innovative lighting, display screens, wallpaper and much more ( see conductive polymer, and organic light-emitting diode or OLED ).

Alfred Nobel is also quoted as when talking about his invention of dynamite that “ My dynamite will sooner lead to peace than a thousand world conventions.

* 1953-Frits Zernike, professor of theoretical physics, receives the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the phase contrast microscope.

In 2008, the SMU School of Engineering, with the DeGolyer Library and the Library of Congress, hosted a yearlong celebration of the 50th anniversary of the birth of the digital age with Jack Kilby ’ s Nobel Prize-winning invention of the integrated circuit.

Three other professors received the Nobel Prize for their research performed at Universiteit Leiden: Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman received the Nobel Prize for their pioneering work in the field of optical and electronic phenomena, and the physiologist Willem Einthoven for his invention of the string galvanometer, which among other things, enabled the development of electrocardiography.

In 1912 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his " invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys ".

Earlier alumni include Henry Addington, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Elias Ashmole founder of the Ashmolean Museum, John Buchan, author of The Thirty-Nine Steps, John Clavell, highwayman and author, Colin Cowdrey, English Test batsman, William Webb Ellis, often credited with the invention of Rugby football, John Foxe author of Actes and Monuments popularly abridged as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, William Golding, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, and Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Sidney is the hometown of renowned scientist and Nobel Prize winner Paul Lauterbur, who was involved in the invention of the MRI.

In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels-Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005.

The unit is named after the Swedish chemist Theodor Svedberg ( 1884 – 1971 ), winner of the 1926 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on colloids and his invention of the ultracentrifuge.

Frits Zernike (; July 16, 1888 – March 10, 1966 ) was a Dutch physicist and winner of the Nobel prize for physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase contrast microscope, an instrument that permits the study of internal cell structure without the need to stain and thus kill the cells.

For his contribution to the invention of the RSA cryptosystem, Adleman, along with Ron Rivest and Adi Shamir, has been a recipient of the 1996 Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award and the 2002 ACM Turing Award, often called the Nobel Prize of Computer Science.

After some time there, Wu's high abilities and good fortune found her a position as a graduate student under the supervision of one of the world's leading physicists, Ernest O. Lawrence, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron particle accelerator and the development of its applications in physics.

The delay between the achieved work ( 1946 ) and the Nobel Prize awarded to Brockhouse and Shull ( 1994 ) brings them close to the record held by Ernst Ruska between his invention of the electron microscope ( 1933 )-also in the field of particle optics-and his own Nobel prize ( 1986 ).

In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, for his investigation of cosmic rays using his invention of the counter-controlled cloud chamber.

Georges Charpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 " for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber ", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles ( ESPCI ) and CERN.

* Furuholmen Lighthouse in Sweden is the world's first to be equipped with AGA's Dalén light incorporating Gustaf Dalén's invention of the sun valve which turns the beacon's accumulator gas supply on and off using daylight, and for which Dalén will be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1912.