Nonspecific reactions, hypergammaglobulinemia, or the presence of antibodies directed to other infectious agents that may be antigenically similar to HIV can produce false positive results.

Nonspecific primer binding obscures polymerase chain reaction results, as the nonspecific sequences to which primers anneal in early steps of amplification will " swamp out " any specific sequences because of the exponential nature of polymerase amplification.

& Borus, J. F., " Nonspecific Medication Side Effects and the Nocebo Phenomenon ", Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 287, No. 5, ( 6 February 2002 ), pp. 622-627.

* Perlman, L, " Nonspecific, Unintended, and Serendipitous Effects in Psychotherapy ", Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 32, No. 3, ( June 2001 ), pp. 283 – 288.

* Nonspecific febrile illness is the most common presentation of enterovirus infection.

Nonspecific inhibitors like the lupus anticoagulant usually are not time dependent ; the immediate mixture will show prolongation.

The only treatment by which nonspecific staining could be satisfactorily removed was by passing the conjugate through a DEAE-cellulose column.

Artists realized that Jackson Pollock's process — placing unstretched raw canvas on the floor where it could be attacked from all four sides using artistic and industrial materials ; dripping and throwing linear skeins of paint ; drawing, staining, and brushing ; using imagery and non-imagery — essentially blasted artmaking beyond any prior boundary.

Golgi developed a silver staining method that could entirely stain several cells in a particular area, leading him to believe that neurons were directly connected with each other in one cytoplasm.

Cytogenetic analysis for fragile X syndrome was first available in the late 1970s when diagnosis of the syndrome and carrier status could be determined by culturing cells in a folate deficient medium and then assessing for " fragile sites " ( discontinuity of staining in the region of the trinucleotide repeat ) on the long arm of the X chromosome.

These fragments may also be desirable for staining cell preparations in the presence of plasma, because they are not able to bind complement, which could lyse the cells.

In using glass, not only could one produce multiple glass mugs, but an artistic touch could add to the glass by including acid etchings, glass staining, or even multicolored overlays.

Complications of HDN could include kernicterus, hepatosplenomegaly, inspissated ( thickened or dried ) bile syndrome and / or greenish staining of the teeth, hemolytic anemia and damage to the liver due to excess bilirubin.

Further research was at that time limited because the available staining techniques to allow electron microscopy denatured the microtubules which ' power ' the cilia so their presence in cells could not be seen.

Persons in this state of impeccability could indulge their sexual desires and commit other sinful acts freely without staining their souls.

Suddenly burdened by the deaths of thousands of people by his actions, Rodriguez calls upon the Holy Virgin, but concluding that even She could not cleanse his hands from " the oceans of blood " staining them, he turns his submachinegun upon himself.

However, the nonspecific staining by the Af in tumor sections was considered bright enough to be confused with the staining of small amounts of WTV antigen.

Further information can be gained by staining slices of brain tissue with a variety of chemicals that bring out areas where specific types of molecules are present in high concentrations.

Samples of hydrated materials, including almost all biological specimens have to be prepared in various ways to stabilize them, reduce their thickness ( ultrathin sectioning ) and increase their electron optical contrast ( staining ).

Since the proteins remain in the native state they may be visualised not only by general protein staining reagents but also by specific enzyme-linked staining.

This means that the staining will be brighter even if the excitation light goes through glass or plastic gel platforms.

While Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool in both clinical and research settings, not all bacteria can be definitively classified by this technique, thus forming Gram-variable and Gram-indeterminate groups as well.

High risk infants may be identified by fetal tachycardia, bradycardia or absence of fetal accelerations upon CTG in utero, at birth the infant may look cachexic and show signs of yellowish meconium staining on skin, nail and the umbillical cord, these infants usually progress onto Infant Respiratory distress syndrome within 4 hours.

The instructions must be followed to minimize staining of skin and clothing.

Such classifications exists so that the level can be determined even when opaque or staining liquids are measured, otherwise the liquid will cover the markings and make it impossible to gauge the time the level passes the mark.

If the DNA was resolved by gel electrophoresis, the DNA can be visualized either by silver staining ( low sensitivity, safe, inexpensive ), or an intercalating dye such as ethidium bromide ( fairly sensitive, moderate health risks, inexpensive ), or as most modern forensics labs use, fluorescent dyes ( highly sensitive, safe, expensive ).

The result of precipitation of a certain chemical species can be colouring and staining of the rock, or the formation of concretions.

Flow-injection ICP-MS analysis of protein bands or spots from DPAGE SDS-PAGE gels can be easily performed by dissolving the DPAGE gel after electrophoresis and staining of the gel.

Demyelination in MS. On Klüver-Barrera myelin staining, decoloration in the area of the lesion can be appreciated ( Original scale 1: 100 ).

The latter finding, however, can in turn be explained by that the cells that establish endometrial lesions are not of the main cell type in ordinary endometrium, but rather of a side population cell type, as supported by exhibitition of a side population phenotype upon staining with Hoechst dye and by flow cytometric analysis.

The relative amount of each isoform can also easily and rapidly be determined from staining intensity on 2D gels.

Other catalytic enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase can be used instead of peroxidases for both direct and indirect staining methods.

Because staining for cadherins and catenins in ingressing cells decreases and develops as intracellular accumulations, apical junctions are thought to be cleared by endocytosis during ingression.

It can be identified by electron microscopy or by Giemsa staining tissue where the cytoplasm shows blue, the nucleus red.

Woodworkers should be aware that ferrous metal hardware reacts with oak, causing corrosion and staining the wood.

but mere dilution of the conjugate to 1: 4 did not satisfactorily remove nonspecific staining.

Specific staining by DEAE-cellulose treated Af and Af, although clearly distinguishable under the microscope from either nonspecific staining or autofluorescence of cells, was not satisfactorily photographed to show such differences in spite of many attempts with black and white and color photography.

Treatment of the conjugates with ethyl acetate, and the conjugates ( which had been passed through Dowex-2-chloride ) with mouse liver powder, sweet clover crown gall tissue powder, or healthy sweet clover proteins did not satisfactorily remove nonspecifically staining substances in the conjugates.

In attempting to improve specificity of staining, the fluorescein-labeled antisera used in both direct and indirect methods were treated in one of several ways: ( 1 ) They were passed through Dowex-2-chloride twice and treated with acetone insoluble powders ( Coons, 1958 ) prepared from mouse liver or from healthy sweet clover stems or crown gall tissue produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens ( E. F. Smith & Townsend ) on sweet clover stems.

Results of specific staining by the direct and the indirect methods were similar and showed the localization of WTV antigen in certain tissues of tumors.

The specific staining by both direct and indirect methods showed that WTV antigen was concentrated in the pseudophloem tissue and in a few thick-walled cells in the xylem region, but was not detectable in any other tissues of the root and stem tumors.

It is commonly performed by examining cells and tissues by sectioning and staining, followed by examination under a light microscope or electron microscope.

When meconium staining of the amniotic fluid is present and the baby is born depressed, it is recommended by the guidelines that an individual trained in neonatal intubation use a laryngoscope and endotracheal tube to suction meconium from below the vocal cords.

Drawing of a Purkinje cell in the cerebellum Cerebellar cortex | cortex done by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, demonstrating the ability of Golgi's staining method to reveal fine detail

To observe the structure of individual neurons, Ramón y Cajal improved a silver staining process known as Golgi's method, which had been developed by his rival, Camillo Golgi.

Studies of the brain became more sophisticated after the invention of the microscope and the development of a staining procedure by Camillo Golgi during the late 1890s.

As a schoolboy ( inspired by his cousin Karl Weigert who owned one of the first microtomes ), he became fascinated by the process of staining microscopic tissue substances.