Obersturmbannführer Rudolf Höss was overall commandant of the Auschwitz complex from May 1940 – November 1943 ; Obersturmbannführer Arthur Liebehenschel from November 1943 – May 1944 ; and Sturmbannführer Richard Baer from May 1944 – January 1945.

Obersturmbannführer Ludwig Spindler — commander of the 9th SS Armoured Artillery Regiment — quickly organised a small battlegroup ( Kampfgruppe Spindler was initially only 120 men but would incorporate 16 separate units over the course of the battle ).

The first commandant of the castle ( Burghauptmann von Wewelsburg ), from August 1934, was Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) Erich Schupping.

This unit, the 8th SS Volunteer Sturmbrigade France was led by a former Foreign Legionnaire, Obersturmbannführer Paul Marie Gamory-Dubourdeau.

The first unit to assemble in Kirkenes, was the SS Battalion Reitz, named after their commander Obersturmbannführer Wilhelm Reitz.

He was given the rank of Obersturmbannführer ( Lieutenant Colonel ) and received the title of Oberregierungsrat.

Translated as “ senior assault ( or storm ) unit leader ”, Obersturmbannführer was junior to Standartenführer and was the equivalent to Oberstleutnant ( lieutenant colonel ) in the German Army.

The insignia for Obersturmbannführer was four silver pips and a stripe, centered on the left collar of an SS / SA uniform.

Eichmann was promoted to Obersturmbannführer in 1940 and was listed as such in the minutes of the Wannsee Conference that began the Endlösung.

During Eichmann's trial for war crimes in 1962, chief prosecutor Gideon Hausner drew attention to the significance and responsibility of Eichmann's Obersturmbannführer rank when, in response to Eichmann's claim that he was merely a clerk obeying orders, Hausner asked him, “ Were you an Obersturmbannführer or an office girl ?”

In Eichmann in Jerusalem, however, Hannah Arendt disputes the notion that Obersturmbannführer was a rank of significance, pointing out that Eichmann spent the war " dreaming " about promotion to Standartenführer.

The German police attaché and commander of the Security Police in Rome, SS Obersturmbannführer Herbert Kappler was on the scene soon afterwards to supervise the investigation.

Obersturmbannführer, Hubert Meyer was placed in command of the division.

Late in the month, Hubert Meyer was replaced by Obersturmbannführer Hugo Kraas, and the division was attached to Oberstgruppenführer Sepp Dietrich's 6th SS Panzer Army, which was forming up for Operation Wacht am Rhein ( the Second Battle of the Ardennes, popularly known as the Battle of the Bulge ), a large-scale offensive to recapture Antwerp, halt the Allied advance, and split the Anglo-American alliance.

He was a member of the NSDAP and member of the SA ( SA Obersturmbannführer ).

Obersturmbannführer Walter Harzer was now placed in command of the division.

The counterattack by the headquarters guards company was repelled and Obersturmbannführer Hans Collani seeing a Soviet tank from his headquarters doorstep, shot himself dead.

Under the command of Obersturmbannführer Bernhard Frank, they patrolled an extensive cordoned security zone that encompassed the nearby homes of the other Nazi leaders.

In 1941 the Nazi Gestapo Obersturmbannführer ( Lt. Col .) Josef Meisinger, the ' Butcher of Warsaw ', acting as the Gestapo's liaison with the German Embassy in Tokyo, tried to influence the Japanese to " exterminate " or enslave approximately 18, 000 – 20, 000 Jews who had escaped from Austria and Germany and who were living in Japanese-occupied Shanghai.

During World War II, the SS maintained an equivalent rank known as Obersturmbannführer.

Amongst the more notorious holders of the rank of Obersturmbannführer were Rudolf Höss, Adolf Eichmann, Herbert Kappler and Joachim Peiper.

Arendt also points out that "... people like Eichmann, who had risen from the ranks, were never permitted to advance beyond a lieutenant colonel the rank of Obersturmbannführer except at the front.

; Insignia of rank of Obersturmbannführer of the Waffen-SS:

* Obersturmbannführer " senior Sturmbann ( battalion ) leader "-an SA and SS rank, equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel.

The rank rated below Standartenführer until 1932, when Sturmbannführer became subordinate to the new rank of Obersturmbannführer.

Lange supervised the arrival of the transports in Riga, aided by Obersturmbannführer Gerhard Maywald, whom historian Gertrude Schneider, herself a survivor of the Riga ghetto, describes as Lange's " sidekick ".

The SS 9th " Totenkopf " Regiment, led by Obersturmbannführer Ernst Deutsch soon followed.

* 25th SS Panzergrenadier Regiment Hitlerjugend, Standartenführer Kurt Meyer ( until 14 June 1944 ), Obersturmbannführer Karl-Heinz Milius ( from 14 June 1944 )

* 12th SS Panzer Regiment, Obersturmbannführer Max Wünsche

General Skarr's appearance is based on that of SS Obersturmbannführer Otto Skorzeny.

* SS Obersturmbannführer 20 April 2035

The report documented that Peter had served as Obersturmbannführer in an SS unit involved in mass murder.

* Dr. Heinrich Hagel ( physician ): Obersturmbannführer

In 1942, Lange became a Obersturmbannführer ( Lt.

The last regular commander of the KZ, Obersturmbannführer Eduard Weiter, had fled on 26 April.

He probably followed Obersturmbannführer Martin Gottfried Weiss, who had led the camp from September 1942 until November 1943.

It is a humorous political critique, aimed squarely at the then ruling party Partido Revolucionario Institucional ( PRI ) and its paramilitary caciques, at a time when freedom of speech in politics was highly restricted.

In the three decades following 1969, the Army was heavily deployed in Northern Ireland, to support the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( later the Police Service of Northern Ireland ) in their conflict with republican paramilitary groups, called Operation Banner.

Ultimately, the Saville Inquiry was inconclusive on Martin McGuinness's role due to a lack of certainty over his movements, concluding that while he was " engaged in paramilitary activity " during Bloody Sunday, and had probably been armed with a Thompson submachine gun, there was insufficient evidence to make any finding other than they were " sure that he did not engage in any activity that provided any of the soldiers with any justification for opening fire ".

However, in 1833, Missouri settlers brutally expelled the Latter Day Saints from Jackson County, and the church was unable via a paramilitary expedition to recover the land.

Dollfuss was sworn in on May 20, 1932, as head of a coalition government between the Christian-Social Party, the Landbund — a right-wing agrarian party — and Heimatblock, the parliamentary wing of the Heimwehr, a paramilitary ultra-nationalist group.

Between World War I and World War II the term was also used for the paramilitary organizations that arose during the Weimar period.

After 1918, the term was used for the paramilitary organizations that sprang up around Germany as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I.

President Touré announced that the ultimate goal was to have a 100-strong paramilitary unit in each of the country's 4, 000 villages.

Although he was not successful, he was able to extend his involvement in the paramilitary scene in Munich.

As a member of Röhm's paramilitary unit, Himmler was involved in the Beer Hall Putsch — an unsuccessful attempt by Hitler and the NSDAP to seize power in Munich.

While the military effectiveness of these " Afghan Arabs " was marginal, Azzam's group is said to have organized paramilitary training for more than 20, 000 Muslim recruits, from about 20 countries around the world.

On August 1 members of the Kenyan Air Force launched an attempted coup, which was quickly suppressed by Loyalist forces led by the Army, the General Service Unit ( GSU ) — paramilitary wing of the police — and later the regular police, but not without civilian casualties.

The Blue Shirts Society, a fascist paramilitary organization within the Kuomintang modeled after Mussolini's blackshirts, was anti-foreign and anticommunist, and stated that its agenda was to expel foreign ( Japanese and Western ) imperialists from China, crush Communism, and eliminate feudalism.

Sawyer established his authority over most of Monrovia, with the help of a paramilitary police force, the ' Black Berets ', under Brownie Samukai, while the rest of the country was in the hands of the various warring factions.

He placed loyal but often unqualified Cyrenaicans in all senior command positions, limited the armed forces to 6, 500 men, kept the army lightly armed, and built up two rival paramilitary units, the National Security Force and the Cyrenaican Defence Force which was recruited from Cyrenaican Bedouin loyal to the Sanussi.

The Revolutionary Guard Corps ( Liwa Haris al-Jamahiriya ) or Jamahiriya Guard was a Libyan paramilitary elite unit that played the role of key protection force of the government of Muammar Gaddafi, until his death in October 2011.

In 2007, it was reported that the DDR programmes had dismantled 274 paramilitary organizations, reintegrated over 62, 000 militia members into civilian life, and recovered more than 84, 000 weapons, including heavy weapons.

However, after 1918, the term was used for nationalist paramilitary organizations that sprang up around Germany as soldiers returned in defeat from World War I.

Before independence, he was the leader of the Zionist militant group Irgun, the Revisionist breakaway from the larger Jewish paramilitary organization Haganah.

The town was not a field of battle during 1948 Arab-Israeli War before the first truce on 11 June, although some of the villagers had joined the loosely organized peasant military and paramilitary forces, and troops from the Arab Liberation Army had entered Nazareth.

* 1990 – Italian prime minister Giulio Andreotti reveals to the Italian parliament the existence of Gladio, the Italian " stay-behind " clandestine paramilitary NATO army, which was implicated in false flag terrorist attacks implicating communists and anarchists as part of the strategy of tension from the late 1960s to early 1980s.