It should be added, however, that a number of individual Orthodox theologians hold that under no circumstances would it be possible to recognise the validity of Anglican Orders.

Many Orthodox theologians believe that all people will have an opportunity to embrace union with God, including Jesus, after their death, and so become part of the Church at that time.

Since the 1980s theologians from the Oriental ( non-Chalcedonian ) Orthodox and Eastern ( Chalcedonian ) Orthodox churches have been meeting in a bid to resolve theological differences, and have concluded that many of the differences are caused by the two groups using different terminology to describe the same thing ( see Agreed Official Statements on Christology with the Eastern Orthodox Churches ).

When Orthodox theologians use the term " deuterocanonical ," it is important to note that the meaning is not identical to the Roman Catholic usage.

Other theologians also, notably those of the Eastern Orthodox Church, dispute the notion that such ordinations have effect, a notion that opens up the possibility of valid but irregular consecrations proliferating outside the structures of the " official " denominations.

The Roman Catholic Church holds this doctrine, as do most or all Eastern Orthodox theologians.

While the Russian Orthodox Church does recognize the first seven ecumenical councils as valid, some Russian Orthodox theologians believe that the infallibility of these councils ' statements derived from their acceptance by the faithful ( and thus from the infallibility of all believers ), and not from the acts of the councils themselves.

He is widely quoted by Eastern Orthodox theologians and highly regarded as a defender of the Christian faith.

Category: Eastern Orthodox theologians

In the Ravenna Document of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated: " 41.

* They argue that the Dogmatic Constitution Pastor æternus concerns the permanence of the primacy of the Holy See over the universal church and condemns as heretical the propositions that the authority granted to St. Peter by Christ either was abolished after his death or devolved to the college of bishops, both positions that were argued by Orthodox theologians.

However, as a highly original and sophisticated thinker, Gregory is difficult to classify, and many aspects of his theology are contentious among both conservative Orthodox theologians and Western academic scholarship.

Eastern Orthodox theologians are generally critical of the theory that Gregory was influenced by neoplatonism.

During the first Assemblies, theologians Vasileios Ioannidis and Amilkas Alivizatos contributed significantly to the debates that led to the drafting of the " Toronto Statement ", a foundational document which facilitated Eastern Orthodox participation in the organization and today it constitutes its ecclesiological charter.

Apophatic statements are crucial to much modern theologians in Orthodox Christianity ( see Vladimir Lossky, John Meyendorff, John S. Romanides and Georges Florovsky ).

Category: Eastern Orthodox theologians

Other Orthodox theologians reject this approach, seeing the Holocaust as a unique tragedy, that could not be based on normal processes of reward and punishment.

Like all Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Armenian Church has been referred to as monophysite by both Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologians because it rejected the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, which condemned the belief of one incarnate nature of Christ ( monophysis ).

However his ultimate aim was to reform the Orthodox Church along Calvinistic lines, and to this end he sent many young Greek theologians to the universities of Switzerland, the northern Netherlands and England.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, theology is not treated as an academic pursuit, but it is based on revelation ( see gnosiology ), meaning that Orthodox theology and its theologians are validated by ascetic pursuits, rather than academic degrees ( i. e. scholasticism ).

Many theologians note by way of comparison that in the Catholic Church, the Assumption is dogmatically defined, while in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Dormition is less dogmatically than liturgically and mystically defined.

Protestants often assert that practices that seem especially strange to them, such as regular fasting ( several Protestant Churches practice fasting ), veneration of relics and icons, honoring the Virgin Mary ( known as the Theotokos to the Orthodox and as Mother of God to Catholics ), and observing special holy days, must have been introduced after the time of Constantine ( or even introduced by Constantine as a way to lead the Church into paganism ).

In contrast, the Eastern Orthodox reject the rational and philosophical foundations of Western Christianity as pagan and heretical and assert that until the Western Church learns to see God and know God as the Eastern Church does, there cannot be even the remotest possibility of reconciliation.

The Greek émigrés from Turkey assert numerous violations of the religious, linguistic, and economic rights guaranteed as matters of international concern by the Treaty, including freedom of the Orthodox religion and the right to practice the professions.

* Traditional Orthodox shadchanim (" matchmakers ") who are presently very active in the field assert that:

They define Bulgaria as a one-nation state and assert the supremacy of the state and the ' Bulgarian nation ' above ethnic and religious diversity, but at the same time want to have an official religion and participation of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in legislative work and in all important government decisions, as well as teaching of the Church's doctrine in primary school.

They believe that the Orthodox Jewish movements, on the theological right, have erred by slowing down, or stopping, the historical development of Jewish law: " Conservative Judaism believes that scholarly study of Jewish texts indicates that Judaism has constantly been evolving to meet the needs of the Jewish people in varying circumstances, and that a central halakhic authority can continue the halakhic evolution today.

The Tome of Leo has been widely criticized ( surprisingly by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox scholars ) in the past 50 years as a much less than perfect orthodox theological doctrine.

There have been a number of times when alternative theological ideas arose to challenge the Orthodox faith.

Eastern Orthodox Christians argue that thereby the council condemned not only the addition of the Filioque clause to the creed but also denounced the clause as heretical ( a view strongly espoused by Photius in his polemics against Rome ), while Roman Catholics separate the two and insist on the theological orthodoxy of the clause.

The main difference between the Orthodox Jews of Britain and the newly founded Masorti movement was and still is a theological one: it concerns the authority of the Torah.

The act of canonization declared that his " deep theological understanding of the Christian teaching, as well as its performance in practice, and, as a consequence of this, the loftiness and holiness of the life of the sviatitel allow for his writings to be regarded as a development of the teaching of the Holy Fathers, preserving the same Orthodox purity and Divine enlightenment.

Monophysitism's theological point of view is also rejected by the Oriental Orthodox Churches, but was widely accepted in Syria, Egypt and the Levant, leading to many tensions in the Coptic period of the Byzantine Empire.

Drawing from the context of all these different and competing strands in traditional Jewish theology, some figures in Orthodox Judaism have given diverse and opposite theological responses to the Holocaust.

* Catholic – Orthodox theological differences

Still, approaches to ecumenism varies, i. e. while generally Protestants see it as agreements on teachings about central issues of faith, an organizational unity with mutual accountability between the parts, for Catholics and Orthodox the Christendom unity is approached within their more concrete understanding of the Body of Christ metaphor, this ecclesiological matter being closely linked to key theological issues ( i. e. the Eucharist ), demanding full dogmatic agreement before full communion.

Despite his advocating the union ( and berating many of the Orthodox bishops for their lack of theological learnedness ), when he came back to Constantinople, like most of his countrymen, he changed his mind, apparently at the behest of his mentor Mark of Ephesus, who converted him completely to anti-Latin Orthodoxy, and from this time till his death he was known ( with Mark of Ephesus ) as the most uncompromising enemy of the union.

The Orthodox services of Christmas Eve are intentionally parallel to those of Good Friday, illustrating the theological point that the purpose of the Incarnation was to make possible the Crucifixion and Resurrection.

As a result of his ruling, Orthodox Jewish groups did not operate in interfaith discussions between the Roman Catholic Church and Jews about Vatican II, a strictly theological endeavour.

Orthodox Lutherans rejected this viewpoint as a gross simplification, stressing the need for the church and for sound theological underpinnings.

On a theological level, American Jews are divided into a number of Jewish denominations, of which the most numerous are Reform Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Orthodox Judaism.

A number of theological concerns or, in the case of the Eastern Orthodox churches, differences primarily in understanding the role of the Bishop of Rome separate them even from their counterparts of similar tradition but out of communion with Rome, which in general do not admit them to the Eucharist or the other sacraments.

This work, described by one of his friends as " a miracle of boldness ," is full of originality and suggestiveness, but its publication awakened against him a storm of theological opposition from the Orthodox ( Evangelicals ), which followed him more or less through life.

Founded in 870 AD under the Patriarchate of Constantinople ( from which it obtained its first primate, its clergy and theological texts ), the Bulgarian Orthodox Church had autocephalous status since 927 AD.

Primarily spearheaded by Tuomo Mannermaa, this line of theological development grew out of talks between the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and the Russian Orthodox Church between 1970 and 1986.

The Catholic and Orthodox Churches do not use this term as its implication of interchangeability does not agree with their theological teachings.

He is also Editor of Tradition, an Orthodox theological journal.

Conservative Jews and Reform Jews now commonly engage in inter-faith theological dialogue ; a small number of Modern Orthodox rabbis engage in such dialogue as well.