The objectivity of science lies not in the psychology of individual scientists, but in the process of science and especially in statistical methods, as noted by C. S. Peirce.

Between 1859 and 1891, Peirce was intermittently employed in various scientific capacities by the United States Coast Survey, where he enjoyed his highly influential father's protection until the latter's death in 1880.

In 1885, an investigation by the Allison Commission exonerated Peirce, but led to the dismissal of Superintendent Julius Hilgard and several other Coast Survey employees for misuse of public funds.

In 1879, Peirce was appointed Lecturer in logic at the new Johns Hopkins University, which was strong in a number of areas that interested him, such as philosophy ( Royce and Dewey did their PhDs at Hopkins ), psychology ( taught by G. Stanley Hall and studied by Joseph Jastrow, who coauthored a landmark empirical study with Peirce ), and mathematics ( taught by J. J. Sylvester, who came to admire Peirce's work on mathematics and logic ).

Brent documents something Peirce never suspected, namely that his efforts to obtain academic employment, grants, and scientific respectability were repeatedly frustrated by the covert opposition of a major Canadian-American scientist of the day, Simon Newcomb.

From 1890 on, he had a friend and admirer in Judge Francis C. Russell of Chicago, who introduced Peirce to editor Paul Carus and owner Edward C. Hegeler of the pioneering American philosophy journal The Monist, which eventually published articles by Peirce, at least 14.

) A. N. Whitehead, while reading some of Peirce's unpublished manuscripts soon after arriving at Harvard in 1924, was struck by how Peirce had anticipated his own " process " thinking.

His 1938 Logic: The Theory of Inquiry is much influenced by Peirce.

The publication of the first six volumes of the Collected Papers ( 1931 – 35 ), the most important event to date in Peirce studies and one that Cohen made possible by raising the needed funds, did not prompt an outpouring of secondary studies.

In 1949, while doing unrelated archival work, the historian of mathematics Carolyn Eisele ( 1902 – 2000 ) chanced on an autograph letter by Peirce.

Peirce has gained a significant international following, marked by university research centers devoted to Peirce studies and pragmatism in Brazil ( CeneP / CIEP ), Finland (

A theory of statistical inference was developed by Charles S. Peirce in " Illustrations of the Logic of Science " ( 1877 – 1878 ) and " A Theory of Probable Inference " ( 1883 ), two publications that emphasized the importance of randomization-based inference in statistics.

The US philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce praised Cantor's set theory, and, following public lectures delivered by Cantor at the first International Congress of Mathematicians, held in Zurich in 1897, Hurwitz and Hadamard also both expressed their admiration.

The term was introduced by Benjamin Peirce in the context of elements of an algebra that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "( the quality of having ) the same power ", from idem + potence ( same + power ).

William James learned pragmatism, this way of understanding an idea by its practical effects, from his friend Peirce, but he gave it new significance.

A propensity theory of probability was given by Charles Sanders Peirce.

A later propensity theory was proposed by philosopher Karl Popper, who had only slight acquaintance with the writings of C. S. Peirce, however.

Most important, each year from 1907 until James's death in 1910, James wrote to his friends in the Boston intelligentsia to request financial aid for Peirce ; the fund continued even after James died.

He was the son of Sarah Hunt Mills and Benjamin Peirce, himself a professor of astronomy and mathematics at Harvard University and perhaps the first serious research mathematician in America.

The cataloguing project began in 1872 when Benjamin Peirce first published his Linear Associative Algebra, and was carried forward by his son Charles Sanders Peirce.

He was the son of Benjamin Peirce ( 1778 – 1831 ), later librarian of Harvard, and Lydia Ropes Nichols Peirce ( 1781 – 1868 ).

Peirce was an expert witness in the Howland will forgery trial, where he was assisted by his son Charles Sanders Peirce.

New edition with corrections, notes, and an added 1875 paper by Peirce, plus notes by his son Charles Sanders Peirce, published in the American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221 – 226, Google Eprint and as an extract, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint.

New edition with corrections, notes, and an added 1875 paper by Peirce, plus notes by his son Charles Sanders Peirce, published in the American Journal of Mathematics v. 4, n. 1, 1881, Johns Hopkins University, pp. 221 – 226, Google Eprint, JSTOR and as an extract, D. Van Nostrand, 1882, Google Eprint, Internet Archive Eprint.

However, he later became envious of Peirce's talented son, Charles Sanders Peirce and has been accused of a " successful destruction " of C. S. Peirce's career.

The son of John Lynch fitz Edmond and a brother of Dominick Dubh Lynch and a member of one of The Tribes of Galway, Peirce became the first Mayor of Galway in August 1485, being succeeded by his brother Dominck in August 1486.

Baehr is the son of Irvine E. Theodore Baehr, an actor who worked as Robert ( Tex ) Allen, and actress Evelyn Peirce.

His father was Joseph Hardy Peirce ( 1773 – 1832 ) son of Joseph Peirce ( 1748 – 1812 ) and his mother was Frances Temple.

She lives in Kentish Town, North London, with her husband Bill ( Mellen Chamberlain ) Peirce ( b. 1930 ), a writer and photographer, son of the American painter Waldo Peirce and his third wife, Alzira Peirce.

Peirce took years to write reports that he should have completed in months.

Peirce held that, in practical affairs, slow and stumbling ratiocination is often dangerously inferior to instinct and traditional sentiment, and that the scientific method is best suited to theoretical research, which in turn should not be bound to the other methods and to practical ends ; reason's " first rule " is that, in order to learn, one must desire to learn and, as a corollary, must not block the way of inquiry.

Peirce wrote " It seems to me a pity they should allow a philosophy so instinct with life to become infected with seeds of death ...."

" For Peirce the pragmatic view implies theoretical claims should be tied to verification processes ( i. e. they should be subject to test ).

Benjamin Peirce, Charles ' father, then took the stand and asserted that, given the independence of each downstroke, the probability that all 30 downstrokes should coincide in two genuine signatures was.

Cambridge, where Peirce was born and raised, New York City, where he often visited and sometimes lived, and Milford, where he spent the later years of his life with his second wife Juliette.

* Juliette Peirce ( died 1934 ), second wife of the mathematician and philosopher Charles Peirce

That employment exempted Peirce from having to take part in the Civil War ; it would have been very awkward for him to do so, as the Boston Brahmin Peirces sympathized with the Confederacy.

His imposing contemporaries William James and Josiah Royce admired him, and Cassius Jackson Keyser at Columbia and C. K. Ogden wrote about Peirce with respect, but to no immediate effect.

That let Peirce frame scientific inquiry not only as a special kind of inquiry in a broader spectrum, but also, like inquiry generally, as based on actual doubts, not mere verbal doubts ( such as hyperbolic doubt ), which he held to be fruitless, and it let him also frame it, by the same stroke, as requiring that proof rest on propositions free from actual doubt, rather than on ultimate and absolutely indubitable propositions.

" So it would seem that Peirce intended the coinage " pragmaticism " for two distinguishable purposes: ( 1 ) protection from literary journals and word-kidnappers, and ( 2 ) reference strictly to his own form of pragmatism, as opposed even to other pragmatisms that had not moved him to the new name.

Bolzano's posthumously published work Paradoxien des Unendlichen ( The Paradoxes of the Infinite ) was greatly admired by many of the eminent logicians who came after him, including Charles Sanders Peirce, Georg Cantor, and Richard Dedekind.

In particular, Daniel Coit Gilman, president of Johns Hopkins University, is alleged to have been on the point of awarding tenure to C. S. Peirce, before Newcomb intervened behind the scenes to dissuade him.

Peirce, like Kant before him, recognizes Aristotle's distinction between a nominal definition, a definition in name only, and a real definition, one that states the function of the concept, the reason for conceiving it, and so indicates the essence, the underlying substance of its object.

Starting from semiotic and linguistic reflections ( Austin, Jakobson, Peirce, Wittgenstein, ...) as from 1965 Peter Weibel developed an artistic language, which led him from experimental literature to performance.

Earlier in the day on June 9, Butler had summoned Peirce from Camp Hamilton to Fort Monroe to advise him of the plan.

He continued to be an investor, and convinced Peirce and Hunnewell to rejoin him for a while.