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Perkin could not have chosen a better time or place for his discovery: England was the cradle of the Industrial Revolution, largely driven by advances in the production of textiles ; the science of chemistry had advanced to the point where it could have a major impact on industrial processes ; and coal tar, the major source of his raw material, was an abundant by-product of the process for making coal gas and coke.
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Perkin and could
Its extraction was variable and complicated, and so Perkin and his brother realised that they had discovered a possible substitute whose production could be commercially successful.
The discovery in 1856 by William Henry Perkin that aniline could be used to make intense colouring agents had led to the commercial production of synthetic dyes in England from aniline extracted from coal tar.
In 1493 Poynings was acting as deputy or governor of Calais ; in July he was sent with Warham on a mission to Archduke Philip to gain Perkin Warbeck's expulsion from Burgundy, where he had been welcomed by the dowager duchess Margaret ; the envoys obtained from Philip a promise that he would abstain not aid Warbeck, but the duke asserted that he could not control the actions of the duchess, who was the real ruler of the country.
Perkin and have
Perkin reportedly resembled Edward IV in appearance, which has led to speculation that he might have been Edward's illegitimate son, or at least some genuine connection with the York family.
The castle was destroyed in the 15th century, which may have been as a penalty for the local Lord Audley's involvement in the Second Cornish Uprising of 1497 led by Perkin Warbeck.
In the 1490s, Perkin Warbeck, a Pretender for the English crown, claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, but he is generally considered to have been an impostor, and was labeled thus by the Tudor regime.
The castle was said to have been badly damaged during the Second Cornish Uprising of 1497 when Perkin Warbeck and 6, 000 Cornishmen entered the city, and by 1600 it was said to display " gaping chinks and an aged countenance.
The scheming of a second such false claimant, Perkin Warbeck, would have more dramatic consequences for the Plantagenets.
Perkin and better
To do this a " cow " or " pig " adaptor can be added to the end of the condenser, or for better results or for very air sensitive compounds a Perkin triangle apparatus can be used.
For better results or for very air sensitive compounds, either a Perkin triangle distillation set-up or a short-path distillation set-up can be used.
Perkin and time
Once again Perkin attempted to lay siege to Waterford, but this time his effort lasted only eleven days before he was forced to flee Ireland, chased by four English ships.
For a time, he supported Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the English throne, and carried out a brief invasion of England on his behalf in September 1496.
After working for the local gas company for a short time he went in 1886 to Germany to work under William Henry Perkin, Jr. in the laboratories of Adolf von Baeyer at Munich University.
At the time Henry VII was attempting to collect a subsidy in Cornwall for the despatch of an army to Scotland to punish James IV for supporting Perkin Warbeck.
Perkin and for
* 1499 – Pretender to the throne Perkin Warbeck is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
He only went to war twice, once in 1489 during the Breton crisis and the invasion of Brittany, and in 1496 – 1497 in revenge for Scottish support of Perkin Warbeck and for their invasion of Northern England.
* November 3 – Peace of Etaples signed between England and France, ending French support for the pretender to the English throne Perkin Warbeck.
* England imposes sanctions on Burgundy for supporting Perkin Warbeck.
* November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
Miners set to work to demolish the tower of Hetoune ( Castle Heaton ) on 24 September, but the army quickly retreated when resources were expended, and hoped-for support for Perkin Warbeck in Northumberland failed to materialise.
In 1491 Cork played a part in the English Wars of the Roses when Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English throne, landed in the city and tried to recruit support for a plot to overthrow Henry VII of England.
Channel 4 and RDF Media produced a drama about Perkin Warbeck for British television in 2005, Princes in the Tower.
Even before Margaret's sixth birthday, Henry VII thought about a marriage between Margaret and James IV as a way of ending the Scottish king's support for Perkin Warbeck, Yorkist pretender to the throne of England.
Clothes were also made for her companion, Lady Catherine Gordon, the widow of Perkin Warbeck.
When Perkin Warbeck impersonated her cousin Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, her brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot.
Less successfully, Stanley ’ s brother William unwisely supported the later pretender Perkin Warbeck, and was, at last, executed for treason in 1495.
Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS ( 12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907 ) was an English chemist best known for his discovery, at the age of 18, of the first aniline dye, mauveine.
Perkin filed for a patent in August 1856, when he was still only 18.
Having invented the dye, Perkin was still faced with the problems of raising the capital for producing it, manufacturing it cheaply, adapting it for use in dyeing cotton, gaining acceptance for it among commercial dyers, and creating public demand for it.
William Perkin continued active research in organic chemistry for the rest of his life: he discovered and marketed other synthetic dyes, including Britannia Violet and Perkin's Green ; he discovered ways to make coumarin, one of the first synthetic perfume raw materials, and cinnamic acid.
In 1869, Perkin found a method for the commercial production from anthracene of the brilliant red dye alizarin, which had been isolated and identified from madder root some forty years earlier in 1826 by the French chemist Pierre Robiquet, simultaneously with purpurin, another red dye of lesser industrial interest, but the German chemical company BASF patented the same process one day before he did.
Perkin and discovery
Mauveine was discovered by an 18-year-old chemist named William Henry Perkin, who went on to exploit his discovery in industry and become wealthy.
Perkin called his amazing discovery ' mauveine '.
After the discovery of mauveine, many new aniline dyes appeared ( some discovered by Perkin himself ), and factories producing them were constructed across Europe.
He was knighted in 1906, and in the same year was awarded the first Perkin Medal, established to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of his discovery of mauveine.
Perkin was so successful in recommending his discovery to the dyestuffs industry that his biography by Simon Garfield is titled Mauve.
The Perkin Medal was first granted in 1906 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the discovery of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye, by Sir William Henry Perkin, an English chemist.
Perkin and England
* September 7 – Second Cornish Uprising in England: Perkin Warbeck lands near Land's End ; on September 10 he is proclaimed as King in Bodmin.
* May – Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, recognises Perkin Warbeck as rightful King of England.
* Perkin Warbeck claims to be the son of King Edward IV of England at the court of Burgundy.
** Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England ( d. 1499 )
Perkin Warbeck ( circa 1474 – 23 November 1499 ) was a pretender to the English throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England.
* Dunlop, David, ' The ' Masked Comedian ': Perkin Warbeck's Adventures in Scotland and England from 1495 to 1497 ,' Scottish Historical Review, vol.
* Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the throne of England.
* Perkin Warbeck, impostor and pretender to the throne of England ( 15th century )
Back in England, he took a position as demonstrator for Perkin, who had been appointed professor at Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh.
Also in 2009, Worth entered into another book deal with the Penguin Group for Pale Rose of England, a novel on the life of Perkin Warbeck, the Pretender to the throne of England and his wife, Princess Catherine Gordon of Scotland.
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