** Pope Pius X

The college was suppressed in 1908 by Pope Pius X and their duties were transferred to the protonotarii apostolici participantes.

St Pius X said in a letter to philosopher-friend and correspondent in the closing years of his life, ( Epist.

Significant changes came in 1910 with the reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X.

Pius X was probably influenced by earlier attempts to eliminate repetition in the psalter, most notably the liturgy of the Benedictine congregation of St. Maur.

The arrangement of the Psalms in the Rule of St. Benedict had a profound impact upon the breviaries used by secular and monastic clergy alike, up until 1911 when Pope St. Pius X introduced his reform of the Roman Breviary.

Several editions of the Pius X Breviary were produced during the twentieth century, including a notable edition prepared with the assistance of the Sisters of Stanbrook Abbey in the 1950s.

This situation impelled Pope St. Pius X to order the creation of the first Code of Canon Law, a single volume of clearly stated laws.

The work having been begun by Pius X, it was sometimes called the " Pio-Benedictine Code " but more often the 1917 Code.

Traditionalist Roman Catholic groups, congregations and clergymen, however, continue to support missionizing Jews according to traditional patterns, sometimes with success ( e. g., the Society of St. Pius X which has notable Jewish converts among its faithful, many of whom have become traditionalist priests ).

In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

* 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.

In 2009 he expressed public concern at Pope Benedict XVI's lifting of excommunication of the bishops of the Society of Saint Pius X. Genscher wrote in the Mitteldeutsche Zeitung: " Poles can be proud of Pope John Paul II.

Until Pope Pius X reduced in 1911 the number of Holy Days of Obligation to 8, there were in the course of the year 36 such days, apart from Sundays.

He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to receive this honour.

Pacelli became the under-secretary in 1911, adjunct-secretary in 1912 ( a position he received under Pope Pius X and retained under Pope Benedict XV ), and secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs in February 1914.

Pius X died on 20 August 1914.

Bishops are encouraged to look at model saints like Boniface, and Pope Pius X. Priests were encouraged to be living examples of the love of Christ and his sacrifice.

Pope Pius XII canonized numerous people, including Pope Pius X -" both were determined to stamp out, as far as possible, all traces of dangerous heterodoxy "- and Maria Goretti.

From the eleventh century they rested at the church of Saint Adalbert, now Saint Bartholomew, on the island in the Tiber in Rome ; in 1908 Pope Pius X permitted them to be translated to the new Cathedral at Nola, where they were reinterred on May 15, 1909.

St Pius V was beatified by Pope Clement X in the year 1672, and was later canonized by Pope Clement XI ( 1700 – 21 ) on 24 May 1712.

He is regarded by many Catholics to be the first Pope whose body was discovered to be incorrupt, followed by Pope St. Pius X ( 1903 – 14 ) and Blessed Pope John XXIII ( 1958 – 63 ).

Pope Pius X also undertook a revision of the Roman Missal, which was published and declared typical by his successor Pope Benedict XV on 25 July 1920.

In the Missal this Code of Rubrics replaced two of the documents in the 1920 edition ; and the Pope's motu proprio Rubricarum instructum took the place of the superseded the Apostolic constitution Divino afflatu of Pope Pius X.

Pope Pius IX convened the First Vatican Council that approved the dogma of Pope as the visible head of the church, prime bishop over a hierarchy of clergy and believers

Bacall came for the duration ( over four months ), leaving their young child behind, but the Bogarts started the trip with a junket through Europe, including a visit with Pope Pius XII.

This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the " White Pope " ( since the time of Pope Pius V the Popes dresses in white ) and the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith ), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the " Red Pope " in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic.

To Pius XII, science and religion were heavenly sisters, different manifestations of divine exactness, who could not possibly contradict each other over the long term Regarding their relation, his advisor Professor Robert Leiber wrote: " Pius XII was very careful not to close any doors prematurely.

In 1939, Pius XII turned the Vatican into a centre of aid which he organized from various parts of the world At the request of the Pope, an information office for prisoners of war and refugees operated in the Vatican under Giovanni Battista Montini, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost 10 million ( 9, 891, 497 ) information requests and produced over 11 million ( 11, 293, 511 ) answers about missing persons.

Pius II also tried mediation in the Thirteen Years ' War of 1454 – 66 between Poland and the Teutonic Knights, but, when he failed to achieve success, cast an anathema over Polish and Prussians both.

Its iconography illustrating the donor's career gives an edited version of Pius ' life, passing over his former support of the antipope Felix V. Though Pinturrichio labored for five years, the books never reached their splendid destination ; yet the Piccolomini Library is a monument of the High Renaissance in Siena.

* Society of St. Pius V, formed when nine priests of the Society of St. Pius X split from that organization over a number of issues including using the liturgical reforms implemented under Pope John XXIII.

** Syllabus errorum: Pope Pius IX condemns theological liberalism as an error and claims for the supremacy of Roman Catholic Church authority over the civil society.

* August 7, 1814 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum reestablishing the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.

* August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum reestablishing the Society of Jesus ( Jesuits ) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.

On 3 June 1816, Pius condemned the Melkite Bishop Germanos Adam's works, which supported Conciliarism, placing the authority of Ecumenical Councils over that of the papacy.

The sum thereby given to the Holy See was actually less than Italy declared it would pay under the terms of the Law of Guarantees of 1871, by which the Italian government guaranteed to Pope Pius IX and his successors the use of, but not sovereignty over, the Vatican and Lateran Palaces and a yearly income of 3, 250, 000 lire as indemnity for the loss of sovereignty and territory.

Instead of gaining Pope Pius VI consent, the cardinal and the queen-mother asked for a general council where Christians of all opinions and from all over Europe would meet to reform the religion.

Outside the town, in Santa Maria Capua Vetere, there is the amphitheatre, built in the time of Augustus, restored by Hadrian and dedicated by Antoninus Pius, as the inscription over the main entrance recorded.

There had been reverses in Rome's past, Fronto writes, at Allia, at Caudium, at Cannae, at Numantia, Cirta, and Carrhae ; under Trajan, Hadrian, and Pius ; but, in the end, Romans had always prevailed over their enemies: " always and everywhere has changed our troubles into successes and our terrors into triumphs ".

On February 12 2009, the conference's leaders met with Pope Benedict XVI in order to re-assert the importance of Jewish-Catholic relations in the wake of the controversy over negationist comments made by Society of St. Pius X bishop Richard Williamson.

It weighed just over 0. 9 kg ( 2 lb ), as did the 1922 tiara of Pope Pius XI.

Pope Pius X wrote at length about philosophical-theological controversies over immanence in his encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis.

He translated Pius XI's first broadcast over Vatican Radio in 1931.

* 138: Restrictions over Christian presence in the city are relaxed after Hadrian dies and Antoninus Pius becomes emperor.

Possibly adlected as a quaestor in 154 AD, it is assumed that the young vir militaris was stationed in the final years of Pius ’ s reign as a legatus in one of the legions stationed along the Danube in Moesia Inferior, watching over the Sarmatians.