** Pope Pius X

The college was suppressed in 1908 by Pope Pius X and their duties were transferred to the protonotarii apostolici participantes.

St Pius X said in a letter to philosopher-friend and correspondent in the closing years of his life, ( Epist.

Significant changes came in 1910 with the reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X.

Pius X was probably influenced by earlier attempts to eliminate repetition in the psalter, most notably the liturgy of the Benedictine congregation of St. Maur.

The arrangement of the Psalms in the Rule of St. Benedict had a profound impact upon the breviaries used by secular and monastic clergy alike, up until 1911 when Pope St. Pius X introduced his reform of the Roman Breviary.

Several editions of the Pius X Breviary were produced during the twentieth century, including a notable edition prepared with the assistance of the Sisters of Stanbrook Abbey in the 1950s.

This situation impelled Pope St. Pius X to order the creation of the first Code of Canon Law, a single volume of clearly stated laws.

The work having been begun by Pius X, it was sometimes called the " Pio-Benedictine Code " but more often the 1917 Code.

Traditionalist Roman Catholic groups, congregations and clergymen, however, continue to support missionizing Jews according to traditional patterns, sometimes with success ( e. g., the Society of St. Pius X which has notable Jewish converts among its faithful, many of whom have become traditionalist priests ).

In contrast, the Holy See has not questioned the validity of the consecrations that the late Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre performed in 1988 for the service of the relatively numerous followers of the Traditionalist Catholic Society of St. Pius X that he had founded, and of the bishops who, under pressure from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, " have been ordained without the Pontifical mandate and who have not asked for, or have not yet obtained, the necessary legitimation ", and who consequently, Pope Benedict XVI has declared, " are to be considered illegitimate, but validly ordained ".

* 1906 – Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.

In 2009 he expressed public concern at Pope Benedict XVI's lifting of excommunication of the bishops of the Society of Saint Pius X. Genscher wrote in the Mitteldeutsche Zeitung: " Poles can be proud of Pope John Paul II.

Until Pope Pius X reduced in 1911 the number of Holy Days of Obligation to 8, there were in the course of the year 36 such days, apart from Sundays.

He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to receive this honour.

Pacelli became the under-secretary in 1911, adjunct-secretary in 1912 ( a position he received under Pope Pius X and retained under Pope Benedict XV ), and secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs in February 1914.

Pius X died on 20 August 1914.

Bishops are encouraged to look at model saints like Boniface, and Pope Pius X. Priests were encouraged to be living examples of the love of Christ and his sacrifice.

Pope Pius XII canonized numerous people, including Pope Pius X -" both were determined to stamp out, as far as possible, all traces of dangerous heterodoxy "- and Maria Goretti.

From the eleventh century they rested at the church of Saint Adalbert, now Saint Bartholomew, on the island in the Tiber in Rome ; in 1908 Pope Pius X permitted them to be translated to the new Cathedral at Nola, where they were reinterred on May 15, 1909.

St Pius V was beatified by Pope Clement X in the year 1672, and was later canonized by Pope Clement XI ( 1700 – 21 ) on 24 May 1712.

He is regarded by many Catholics to be the first Pope whose body was discovered to be incorrupt, followed by Pope St. Pius X ( 1903 – 14 ) and Blessed Pope John XXIII ( 1958 – 63 ).

Pope Pius X also undertook a revision of the Roman Missal, which was published and declared typical by his successor Pope Benedict XV on 25 July 1920.

In the Missal this Code of Rubrics replaced two of the documents in the 1920 edition ; and the Pope's motu proprio Rubricarum instructum took the place of the superseded the Apostolic constitution Divino afflatu of Pope Pius X.

Lichten labelled any criticism of the pope's actions during World War II as " a stupefying paradox " and said, " no one who reads the record of Pius XII's actions on behalf of Jews can subscribe to Hochhuth's accusation.

Katherine Rinne said in her book Waters of Rome that Pius IV also ordered public construction to improve water supply of the Rome city.

Pope Pius V ( 1566 – 1572 ) is said to have recommended that pilgrims gather sand from the arena of the Colosseum to serve as a relic, on the grounds that it was impregnated with the blood of martyrs.

Pope Pius IV explained to one of his cardinals: the greater part of the nobility of that island take ill the marriage which the said queen designs to enter with the Lord Robert Dudley ... they fear that if he becomes king, he will want to avenge the death of his father, and extirpate the nobility of that kingdom.

Moreover, he was far more qualified than his praetorian partner, Cornelius Repentinus, who was said to owe his office to the influence of Pius ' mistress Galeria Lysistrate.

" Pope Pius XI ordered that these Leonine Prayers, originally said for the solution of the Roman Question, be offered " to permit tranquillity and freedom to profess the faith to be restored to the afflicted people of Russia ".

The parts that are said aloud are all chanted, except that the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar, which before the reform of Pope Pius V were said in the sacristy, are said quietly by the bishop with the deacon and the subdeacon, while the choir sings the Introit.

Other changes included the omission of Psalm 43 ( 42 ) at the start of Mass and the Last Gospel at the end, both of which Pope Pius V had first inserted into the Missal ( having previously been private prayers said by the priest in the sacristy ), and the Leonine Prayers of Pope Leo XIII.

But, said Pius, private property has a social function as well.

However, Pompey wrote to Rome for reinforcements, without which, he said, he and Metellus Pius would be driven out of Hispania.

In 2001, Garry Wills, questioning Pius IX's motives, wrote: " In 1867, he canonized Peter Arbues, a 15th-century inquisitor famed for forcible conversion of Jews, and said in the canonization document, The divine wisdom has arranged that in these sad days, when Jews help the enemies of the church with their books and money, this decree of sanctity has been brought to fulfillment.

In his encyclical Mystici Corporis, 103 Pope Pius XII said thatthose who do not belong to the visible Body of the Catholic Church … We ask each and every one of them to correspond to the interior movements of grace, and to seek to withdraw from that state in which they cannot be secure about their salvation. Pius IX, Iam Vos Omnes, 13 Sept. 1868 For even though by an unconscious desire and longing have a certain relationship with the Mystical Body of the Redeemer, they still remain deprived of those many heavenly gifts and helps which can only be enjoyed in the Catholic Church.

At age 22, he was below the age requirement for ordination but was granted a dispensation by Pope Pius X, who said, " is young in years but old in intelligence.

The beatification and possible canonization of Pope Pius XII was criticized by WJC President Ronald S. Lauder, who said that all Vatican archives on the period should be made accessible to scholars.

However, it was only under Hadrian's successor Antoninus Pius that relations improved to the extent that Pharsman is said to have even visited Rome, where Dio Cassius reports that a statue was erected in his honor and that rights to sacrifice were given.

" In a speech in 1871 defending his decision against his detractors, Pius said: " Of these dogs, there are too many of them at present in Rome, and we hear them howling in the streets, and they are disturbing us in all places.

* Another legend says that at the Council of Trent a Hungarian bishop gave a taste of Tállya wine to Pope Pius IV, who said Summum pontificem talia vina decent – a Latin word play meaning " Tállya wine / This kind of wine is worthy to be on His Holiness ' table!

The parts to be said aloud are all chanted, except that the Prayers at the Foot of the Altar, which before the reform of Pope Pius V were said in the sacristy or during the entrance procession, were said quietly by the bishop with the deacon and the subdeacon, while the choir sang the Introit.