Since the publication of Henry K. Beecher's The Powerful Placebo in 1955, the phenomenon has been considered to have clinically important effects.

Later, researchers became interested in understanding the placebo effect, rather than just controlling for its effects, and in 2011, a Program in Placebo Studies was established at the Harvard Medical School.

Placebo effects can last for a long time: over 8 weeks for panic disorder, 6 months for angina pectoris, and two and half years for rheumatoid arthritis.

Placebo interventions were again not found to have important clinical effects in general but may influence patient-reported outcomes in some situations, especially pain and nausea, although it was " difficult to distinguish patient-reported effects of placebo from response bias ".

Placebo effects can never be wholly discounted.

However in the case of IXIARO where the vaccine is not produced in mouse brains but in vitro using cell culture there is little adverse effects compared to the Placebo, the main side effects are headache and myalgia.

* Reactivity ( Placebo, Novelty, and Hawthorne Effects ): If cause-effect relationships are found they might not be generalizable to other settings or situations if the effects found only occurred as an effect of studying the situation.

Placebo briefly named themselves Ashtray Heart, after the track on Doc at the Radar Station ; the band's album Battle for the Sun contains a track called " Ashtray Heart ".

Frequently in interviews, Molko has stated that the name is a satirical reflection of the 1990s cliche of naming one's band after a drug, though Olsdal claims this was not the original motivation for naming the band " Placebo ".

In early 1996, Placebo opened several concerts for David Bowie in Italy, France, and Switzerland as part of his Outside Tour after he had only heard one of their demos.

Their first album, The Things We Make was released the following year, after which they began headlining their own shows, as well as touring with Ash, Manic Street Preachers, The Dandy Warhols, and Placebo.

Starchild, on the other hand, uses his Bop Gun (" Bop Gun ( Endangered Species )", from Funkentelechy Vs the Placebo Syndrome ) to achieve " Funkentelechy " for all humanity.

In 1998, Placebo recorded a cover of T. Rex's " 20th Century Boy " for the Velvet Goldmine soundtrack.

Placebo encountered resistance from the British music industry upon release of the single " Special K " due to its reference of a ketamine high as a simile for love.

Placebo joined Linkin Park and various other acts for 2007's Projekt: Revolution tour.

On 5 November 2009, Placebo won the MTV Europe Music Awards for " Best Alternative ".

The final leg of the tour saw Placebo play Israel and Lebanon, before returning to Europe for a series of festivals and featured concerts.

Ladytron have produced remixes for many artists, including David Gahan, Goldfrapp, Apoptygma Berzerk, Placebo, Blondie, Gang of Four, Christina Aguilera, Bloc Party, Kings of Convenience, Indochine, She Wants Revenge, Simian, Nine Inch Nails, SONOIO and Soulwax.

It has provided inspiration for many modern bands of today, including Coldplay, Radiohead, The Verve, Snow Patrol, Gorillaz, Muse, Kaiser Chiefs, Placebo, Franz Ferdinand, Bullet for My Valentine, The Libertines, Bush, The Kooks, Bloc Party, Stereophonics, Keane, Florence and the Machine, Mumford & Sons, Lostprophets and Arctic Monkeys.

Januarie decides that he wants to marry, predominately for the purpose of lawful recreational sex and to produce an heir, and he consults his two brothers, Placebo ( meaning-' I shall please '), who while encouraging him offers no personal opinion, and Justinus ( meaning-' the just one '), who opposes marriage from his own experience.

Since the cessation of activity of My Bloody Valentine, Shields has found steady work remixing and producing for artists including Joy Zipper, Placebo and Yo La Tengo.

" Although originally greeted by a cease and desist order by RCA ( the label which both Aguilera and The Strokes are signed to ), The Freelance Hellraiser went on to remix Aguilera's single " Fighter ", as well as tracks for Placebo and ex-Verve frontman Richard Ashcroft.

The band made a few more festival appearances, including an appearance at V99, as a last-minute replacement for Placebo, before playing their last ever gig in Holland at the end of August.

2006: Depeche Mode, Tool, Kanye West, Muse, Pharrell, Arctic Monkeys, Damian Marley, Devin the Dude, Placebo, Rufus Wainwright, Opeth, The Raconteurs, Wolfmother, Richard Hawley, Gogol Bordello, Flogging Molly, The Cat Empire, Death Cab for Cutie

* Placebo filmed the video for their 1999 single " Every You Every Me " during a gig at the Academy.

& Barsky, Arthur J., " Medication-Attributed Adverse Effects in Placebo Groups: Implications for Assessment of Adverse Effects ", Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 166, No. 2 ), ( 23 January 2006 ), pp. 155-160.

Placebo analgesia is more likely to work the more severe the pain.

Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal of Placebo were inspired to buy Fender Bass VIs with Molko commenting, " Playing the Fender VI is like playing two instruments in one, it can be treated as a guitar and as a bass.

Placebo confirmed in late May that they expect to release some tracks by the end of 2012, and that they have been assisted by Adam Noble ( Red Hot Chili Peppers, dEUS ) on a new album which will be released by the Northern Hemisphere summer in 2013.

You thought they'd be # 1 " when the Dark of the Matinee was played at # 50 as well a mock promotional piece heard in between in which votes for other bands such as Placebo were ignored in favour of Franz Ferdinand.

were also chosen by Smith to be part of his Celebrity Playlist on iTunes along with Cocteau Twins, My Bloody Valentine, Supergrass, Nirvana ( band ), Placebo, The Psychedelic Furs, and several bands that played on the Curiosa tour earlier that year.

Thus, one Thomas Windsor ( who died in 1479 ) orders that " on my moneth's minde there be a hundred children within the age of sixteen years, to say for my soul ," and candles were to be burned before the rood ( cross ) in the parish church and twenty priests were to be paid by his executors to sing Placebo, Dirige, and other songs.

He generally assumes one of three avatars: the sweet and innocent child ( as in the children's books ), the poignantly lovelorn and ineffectual being ( as, notably, in the Jerry Cornelius novels of Michael Moorcock ), or the somewhat sinister and depraved outsider ( as in David Bowie's various experiments, or Rachel Caine's vampire novels, or the S & M lyrics of the English rock group Placebo ).

Other prominent independent rock bands in the 2000s include: Editors, The Fratellis, Placebo, Lostprophets, Razorlight, Keane, Kaiser Chiefs, Muse, Kasabian, The Kooks and Arctic Monkeys ( the last being the most prominent act to gain their initial fan base through the use of internet social networking ).

is a common Arabic word ( دجال ) with the meaning " deceiving " or " the Placebo " or " impostor ", with the definite article al-(" the "), refers to " the deceiving Messiah ", a specific end-of times deceiver.

* Placebo effect, the tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work

Another possible resolution of the ethical dilemma might come from the " honest placebo " effect found in a 2010 study carried out by researchers in the Program in Placebo Studies at the Harvard Medical School, where patients with irritable bowel syndrome experienced a significant beneficial effect even though they were told the pills they were taking were placebos, as compared to a control group who received no pills.

* Placebo, a treatment without intrinsic therapeutic value, but administered as if it were a therapy, either in medical treatment or in clinical trials

But Schultzberg suggested playing together until they finished the promotion of their first album, Placebo, and the band accepted.

In the same year, however, they were able to convince Hewitt to return to Placebo as their full-time drummer.

In January 2009, Placebo confirmed that they had finished working on the follow-up to 2006's Meds and planned to release it in June 2009.

In August 2012, Chris Olley announced that he and James Flower reformed Six by Seven and that they are recording new material with the former Placebo drummer Steve Hewitt.

Schultzberg had known Stefan Olsdal from a band in school in Sweden they were both in in 1993 and joined Placebo when the band formed in September 1994, helping them to record their first studio demo in April 1995, which garnered lots of industry attention culminating in a deal with Virgin Records.

Schultzberg suggested playing together until they finished the promotion of their first album, Placebo.

As a duo and individually, they have remixed and / or produced tracks by Lulu, M People, Secret Life, Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, New Order, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue, Garbage, Placebo, Alanis Morissette, U2 and many others.