Since the publication of Henry K. Beecher's The Powerful Placebo in 1955, the phenomenon has been considered to have clinically important effects.

Later, researchers became interested in understanding the placebo effect, rather than just controlling for its effects, and in 2011, a Program in Placebo Studies was established at the Harvard Medical School.

Placebo effects after verbal suggestion for mild pain can be robust and still exist after being repeated ten times even if they have no actual pharmacological pain killing action.

Placebo interventions were again not found to have important clinical effects in general but may influence patient-reported outcomes in some situations, especially pain and nausea, although it was " difficult to distinguish patient-reported effects of placebo from response bias ".

Placebo effects can never be wholly discounted.

However in the case of IXIARO where the vaccine is not produced in mouse brains but in vitro using cell culture there is little adverse effects compared to the Placebo, the main side effects are headache and myalgia.

* Reactivity ( Placebo, Novelty, and Hawthorne Effects ): If cause-effect relationships are found they might not be generalizable to other settings or situations if the effects found only occurred as an effect of studying the situation.

Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal of Placebo were inspired to buy Fender Bass VIs with Molko commenting, " Playing the Fender VI is like playing two instruments in one, it can be treated as a guitar and as a bass.

The band made a few more festival appearances, including an appearance at V99, as a last-minute replacement for Placebo, before playing their last ever gig in Holland at the end of August.

Other prominent independent rock bands in the 2000s include: Editors, The Fratellis, Placebo, Lostprophets, Razorlight, Keane, Kaiser Chiefs, Muse, Kasabian, The Kooks and Arctic Monkeys ( the last being the most prominent act to gain their initial fan base through the use of internet social networking ).

Placebo briefly named themselves Ashtray Heart, after the track on Doc at the Radar Station ; the band's album Battle for the Sun contains a track called " Ashtray Heart ".

Starchild, on the other hand, uses his Bop Gun (" Bop Gun ( Endangered Species )", from Funkentelechy Vs the Placebo Syndrome ) to achieve " Funkentelechy " for all humanity.

Frequently in interviews, Molko has stated that the name is a satirical reflection of the 1990s cliche of naming one's band after a drug, though Olsdal claims this was not the original motivation for naming the band " Placebo ".

In early 1996, Placebo opened several concerts for David Bowie in Italy, France, and Switzerland as part of his Outside Tour after he had only heard one of their demos.

In 1998, Placebo recorded a cover of T. Rex's " 20th Century Boy " for the Velvet Goldmine soundtrack.

Placebo encountered resistance from the British music industry upon release of the single " Special K " due to its reference of a ketamine high as a simile for love.

Placebo joined Linkin Park and various other acts for 2007's Projekt: Revolution tour.

On 5 November 2009, Placebo won the MTV Europe Music Awards for " Best Alternative ".

The final leg of the tour saw Placebo play Israel and Lebanon, before returning to Europe for a series of festivals and featured concerts.

Ladytron have produced remixes for many artists, including David Gahan, Goldfrapp, Apoptygma Berzerk, Placebo, Blondie, Gang of Four, Christina Aguilera, Bloc Party, Kings of Convenience, Indochine, She Wants Revenge, Simian, Nine Inch Nails, SONOIO and Soulwax.

It has provided inspiration for many modern bands of today, including Coldplay, Radiohead, The Verve, Snow Patrol, Gorillaz, Muse, Kaiser Chiefs, Placebo, Franz Ferdinand, Bullet for My Valentine, The Libertines, Bush, The Kooks, Bloc Party, Stereophonics, Keane, Florence and the Machine, Mumford & Sons, Lostprophets and Arctic Monkeys.

Januarie decides that he wants to marry, predominately for the purpose of lawful recreational sex and to produce an heir, and he consults his two brothers, Placebo ( meaning-' I shall please '), who while encouraging him offers no personal opinion, and Justinus ( meaning-' the just one '), who opposes marriage from his own experience.

Since the cessation of activity of My Bloody Valentine, Shields has found steady work remixing and producing for artists including Joy Zipper, Placebo and Yo La Tengo.

" Although originally greeted by a cease and desist order by RCA ( the label which both Aguilera and The Strokes are signed to ), The Freelance Hellraiser went on to remix Aguilera's single " Fighter ", as well as tracks for Placebo and ex-Verve frontman Richard Ashcroft.

2006: Depeche Mode, Tool, Kanye West, Muse, Pharrell, Arctic Monkeys, Damian Marley, Devin the Dude, Placebo, Rufus Wainwright, Opeth, The Raconteurs, Wolfmother, Richard Hawley, Gogol Bordello, Flogging Molly, The Cat Empire, Death Cab for Cutie

* Placebo filmed the video for their 1999 single " Every You Every Me " during a gig at the Academy.

& Barsky, Arthur J., " Medication-Attributed Adverse Effects in Placebo Groups: Implications for Assessment of Adverse Effects ", Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 166, No. 2 ), ( 23 January 2006 ), pp. 155-160.

During this time the configuration experienced a renaissance of sorts with groups such as Nirvana, Silverchair, Meat Puppets, Violent Femmes, Babes in Toyland, Primus, Hüsker Dü ( and spin off bands Nova Mob and Sugar ), Walt Mink, the Minutemen, Dinosaur Jr, Sebadoh, Melvins, Fudge Tunnel, Galaxie 500, DC3, Nomeansno, The Presidents of the United States of America, Low, the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Killdozer, Cosmic Psychos, Therapy ?, Placebo, Jawbreaker, Bratmobile, Sleater-Kinney, the Screaming Blue Messiahs, Gov't Mule, Morphine ( bass, sax and drums ) and Ben Folds Five ( piano, bass and drums ).

Placebo left EMI in 2008, but the label released the complete Placebo recordings on 8 June 2009, including all the studio albums, DVDs, and B-sides.

2, 8 covers for the series ; Meathaus # 3 ( Meathaus press ); Bipolar # 1, 2, 4 ( Alternative Comics ); The Big Question ( Top Shelf Comics ); New Thing: Identity ; New Suit Focus, 16 cover for the series ( D. C. Comics ); The Placebo Man ( Alternative Comics ).

Placebo patients had varying rates of 6, 4. 3 or 1 per 1000.

& Beecher, H. K., " A Study of the Placebo Response ", American Journal of Medicine, Vol. 16, No. 6, ( June 1954 ), pp. 770-779.

The album sold well, staying near the top of the ' Indie Rock Chart ' in the UK for several months above bands such as Placebo despite having no touring support from the band.

In August 2011, Placebo went on a mini-tour of two shows in Berlin and Stuttgart.

* Stefan Olsdal of Placebo played bass with them when the two bands toured together in 2003.

A further development was the recruitment of two glamorous 1980s-styled bands Plastic Fantastic and DexDexTer, the former a Brighton-based Roxy Music / Japan-influenced outfit fronted by former Scorpio Rising / Supercharger frontman Stuart Miller, the latter formerly known as MkII and led by future Placebo keyboardist Paul " Xavior " Roide.

In previous years Main Stage hosted some of the best artists in the world: Pet Shop Boys, Morrissey, Billy Idol, Guns N ' Roses, Franz Ferdinand, Stereo MC's, Iggy Pop, Massive Attack, The Cult, White Stripes, Garbage, Goldfrapp, The Cardigans, Cypress Hill, Beastie Boys, Snoop Dogg, Wu-Tang Clan, The Prodigy, Sex Pistols, NERD, The Streets, The Hives, Kraftwerk, Lily Allen, Madness, Korn, Moby, Manic Street Preachers, Patti Smith, Arctic Monkeys, Chemical Brothers, Faith No More, Placebo, Klaxons, LCD Soundsystem, Arcade Fire, Pulp, Jamiroquai, Portishead, Grinderman, Bad Religion, Editors, M. I. A., Slayer, Juliette and the Licks, Suicidal Tendencies, Emir & Frozen Camels etc.

Thus, one Thomas Windsor ( who died in 1479 ) orders that " on my moneth's minde there be a hundred children within the age of sixteen years, to say for my soul ," and candles were to be burned before the rood ( cross ) in the parish church and twenty priests were to be paid by his executors to sing Placebo, Dirige, and other songs.

Seven years ago Chris Yong was lead guitar for Tadpole, playing tracks from their double platinum debut album The Buddhafinger to large audiences across Australasia and supporting the likes of Killing Heidi, Living End, Placebo, Live and Sugar Ray and Regurgitator.

Glam has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in R & B crossover act Prince, and bands such as Marilyn Manson, Placebo, Chainsaw Kittens and The Darkness.

The 2006 edition saw Eric Clapton, Placebo, Massive Attack, Roger Waters, Tracy Chapman and Santana play live in the Piazza Napoleone.

* In the Placebo song " Evil Dildo ", the obscene telephone message is left on Thursday the 23rd of an unknown month and year.

The day Thursday 23rd is often celebrated as Evil Dildo day by Placebo fans.

Sir Nose is an antagonist within P-Funk mythology, and first appears on the album Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome by Parliament.

See, e. g., Anne Harrington, The Placebo Effect: An Interdisciplinary Exploration ( 1999 ).

* Eric Helland, Claremont-McKenna College and Alexander Tabarrok, George Mason University, " Using Placebo Laws to Test ' More Guns, Less Crime '," The B. E.

The subsequent albums The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein ( 1976 ), Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome ( 1977 ), and Motor Booty Affair ( 1978 ) all reached high on both the R & B and Pop charts, while Funkadelic was also experiencing significant mainstream success.

Starchild ’ s nemesis is Sir Nose D ’ Voidoffunk (" Sir Nose Devoid of Funk " from Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome, 1977 ).

Worrell ’ s synthesizer work is prominent on the majority of Parliament ’ s most popular ( and most sampled ) songs throughout the 1970s, most notably ” Mothership Connection ( Star Child )” and “ Give Up the Funk ( Tear the Roof Off the Sucker )” from Mothership Connection, " Flash Light from Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome and " Aqua Boogie " from Motor Booty Affair.

* 1977: Funkentelechy Vs. the Placebo Syndrome by Parliament

Another possible resolution of the ethical dilemma might come from the " honest placebo " effect found in a 2010 study carried out by researchers in the Program in Placebo Studies at the Harvard Medical School, where patients with irritable bowel syndrome experienced a significant beneficial effect even though they were told the pills they were taking were placebos, as compared to a control group who received no pills.

* Parkinson's disease: Placebo relief is associated with the release of dopamine in the brain.

Placebo analgesia is more likely to work the more severe the pain.