In 1260 Pope Alexander IV made him Bishop of Regensburg, an office from which he resigned after three years.

Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

Alexander was named after Pope Alexander II.

* Pope Alexander I, Pope from 106 to 115

* Pope Alexander II, Pope from 1061 to 1073

* Pope Alexander III, pope from 1159 to 1181

* Pope Alexander IV ( 1199 or ca.

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VII

# REDIRECT Pope Alexander VIII

In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum, Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent crown with the right to conquer lands from the Moors.

He was buried in the Church of Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli, the Spanish national church in Rome, immediately below the tombs of Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI.

* 1480 – Lucrezia Borgia, Florentine ruler and daughter of Pope Alexander VI ( d. 1519 )

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

Alexander Pope famously characterized the alexandrine's potential to slow or speed the flow of a poem in two rhyming couplets consisting of an iambic pentameter followed by an alexandrine:

* 1073 – Pope Alexander II

Alexander of Hales ( c. 1185 — 1245 ) ( also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius ) also called Doctor Irrefragibilis ( by Pope Alexander IV in the Bull De Fontibus Paradisi ) and Theologorum Monarcha was a theologian and philosopher important in the development of Scholasticism and of the Franciscan School.

Alexander Pope implied the architecture is rather dull, lacking either the vigour of the baroque style which was fading from fashion at the time, or the austere grandeur of the Palladian style which was just coming into vogue.

The amphisbaena has been referred to by the poets, such as Nicander, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and A. E. Housman, and the amphisbaena as a mythological and legendary creature has been referenced by Lucan, Pliny the Elder, Isidore of Seville, and Thomas Browne, the last of whom debunked its existence.

He was the first Cistercian placed on the calendar of saints, and was canonized by Pope Alexander III on 18 January 1174.

With the Papal Bull of 1493, Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism.

In the list of popes given in the Holy See's annual directory, Annuario Pontificio, the following note is attached to the name of Pope Leo VIII ( 963 – 965 ): At this point, as again in the mid-eleventh century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter.

With the death of the Barberini Pope Urban VIII in 1644 and the accession of the Pamphilj Pope Innocent X, the Barberini family and their favorite artist, Bernini, fell into disrepute.

* 1303 – The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.

During the English Reformation the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church, at first temporarily under Henry VIII and Edward VI and later permanently during the reign of Elizabeth I.

Eventually, the Knights handed Cem over to Pope Innocent VIII ( 1484 – 1492 ).

In 1830, Pope Pius VIII bestowed upon Bernard the title " Doctor of the Church ".

Pope Benedict VIII during his visit to Bamberg ( 1020 ) placed the diocese in direct dependence on the Holy See.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

The first native Croatian ruler recognised by the Pope was duke Branimir, whom Pope John VIII referred to as Dux Croatorum (" Duke of Croats ") in 879.

The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work ; as a result, Pope Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed in 1565 ; and Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus standardizing what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass ( from the city's Latin name Tridentum ), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate.

The latter three appealed to Pope Boniface VIII who ordered Jacopo to return the land, and furthermore hand over the family's strongholds of Colonna, Palestrina, and other towns to the Papacy.

Family enmity with Pope Boniface VIII led to destruction of the fortress at Palestrina and to the seizure of the Pope at Anagni by Sciarra Colonna in 1303.

In 1627 Anna Colonna, daughter of Filippo I Colonna, married Taddeo Barberini of the family Barberini ; nephew of Pope Urban VIII.

* 1187 – Pope Gregory VIII

That dynasty ended in 1626 when Pope Urban VIII incorporated Urbino into the papal dominions.

* 1484 – Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and James Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany and leads to one of the most oppressive witch hunts in European history.

* 1830 – Pope Pius VIII ( b. 1761 )

* 1294 – Pope Boniface VIII is elected Pope, replacing St. Celestine V, who had resigned.

There would be changes made, and Signor Raymond should understand that when the Pope died it was like the end of a regime in Rome.

* Pope Adrian III ( died 885 )

But John having died, the Pope and the English aristocracy changed their allegiance to his nine-year-old son, Henry, forcing the French and the Scots armies to return home.

After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.

* Pope Anastasius I ( died 401 ), pope from November 27, 399 to 401

The modern American Media came into being after Generoso Pope, Jr., longtime owner of The National Enquirer, died in 1988, and his tabloids came under new ownership.

Theophilus died on 15 October 412, and Cyril was made Pope or Patriarch of Alexandria on 18 October 412, against the party favouring Archdeacon Timothy.

The most recent Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy See of Saint Mark was Pope Shenouda III, who died on March 17, 2012, for whom a successor has not yet been chosen.

On March 17, 2012 the Coptic Orthodox Pope, Pope Shenouda III died leaving many Copts mourning and worrying as tensions rise with Muslims.

* Pope Eusebius ( died after 310 ), Pope in 309 or 310

When the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter, died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III that would lead to the king's excommunication.

Pope Clement died only a month later, and King Philip died in a hunting accident before the end of the year.

He died on September 16, 1450, and was beatified by Pope Clement VII in 1527.

Henry soon died and the council which was held under the direction of Pope Victor II at Cologne formally restored Godfrey to imperial favour.

Both Matilda's mother and husband died in 1076, leaving her in sole control of her great Italian patrimony as well as lands in Lorraine, while at the same time matters in the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and the German king Henry IV were at a crisis point.

When the Pope died on April 2, 2005, Ağca's brother Adnan gave an interview in which he said that Ağca and his entire family were grieving, and that the Pope had been a great friend to them.

* Pope Miltiades ( died 314 ), African saint and pope

In 1513, Pope Julius II died and his successor Pope Leo X, of the Medici family, commissioned Michelangelo to reconstruct the façade of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence and to adorn it with sculptures.

The fresco of The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel was commissioned by Pope Clement VII, who died shortly after assigning the commission.