Only the death of Stephen, the great hospodar of Moldavia, enabled Poland still to hold her own on the Danube River ; while the liberality of Pope Julius II, who issued no fewer than 29 bulls in favor of Poland and granted Alexander Peter's Pence and other financial help, enabled him to restrain somewhat the arrogance of the Teutonic Order.

* 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.

According to this account, Athanasius composed it during his exile in Rome, and presented it to Pope Julius I as a witness to his orthodoxy.

Pope Julius I wrote to the supporters of Arius strongly urging the reinstatement of Athanasius, but that effort proved to be in vain.

Under Pope Julius III, the Council met in Trent ( 1551 – 52 ) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions, and under Pope Pius IV, the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent ( 1559 – 63 ).

Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III ( 1550 – 5 ), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.

This object had been one of the causes calling forth the reformatory councils and had been lightly touched upon by the Fifth Council of the Lateran under Pope Julius II.

Cesare then broke out of the Castel Sant ' Angelo and escaped, but the accession of the Borgias ' deadly enemy, Giuliano della Rovere, as Pope Julius II caused his final ruin.

Coming from modest beginnings in Savona, Liguria, the family rose to prominence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes, Francesco della Rovere, who ruled as Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471 – 1484 ) and his nephew Giuliano ( Pope Julius II, 1503 – 1513 ).

Guidobaldo da Montefeltro adopted Francesco Maria I della Rovere, his sister's child and nephew of Pope Julius II.

* 1443 – Pope Julius II ( d. 1513 )

* 1508 – The League of Cambrai is formed by Pope Julius II, Louis XII of France, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand II of Aragon as an alliance against Venice.

His first published compositions, a book of Masses, had made so favorable an impression with Pope Julius III ( previously the Bishop of Palestrina ) that he appointed Palestrina musical director of the Julian Chapel.

In return, Pope Julius II honoured Zwingli by providing him with an annual pension.

Getting agreement took many months, and Mary and Pope Julius III had to make a major concession: the monastery lands confiscated under Henry were not returned to the church but remained in the hands of the new landowners, who were very influential.

In 1505, Michelangelo was invited back to Rome by the newly elected Pope Julius II.

In 1513, Pope Julius II died and his successor Pope Leo X, of the Medici family, commissioned Michelangelo to reconstruct the façade of the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence and to adorn it with sculptures.

However, in August 1512 the Medici, helped by Pope Julius II, used Spanish troops to defeat the Florentines at Prato.

Popes like Alexander VI, an ambitious if spectacularly corrupt politician, and Pope Julius II, a formidable general and statesman, were not afraid to use power to achieve their own ends, which included increasing the power of the papacy.

Hypatius condemned it along with the Apollinarian texts, distributed during the Nestorian controversy under the names of Pope Julius and Athanasius, which the monophysites entered as evidence supporting their position.

Pope Marcellus II ( 6 May 1501 – 1 May 1555 ), born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi, was Pope from 9 April 1555 to 1 May 1555, succeeding Pope Julius III.

In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.

Ozanam was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 1997.

# REDIRECT Pope Adrian II

* Pope Adrian II ( 792 – 872 )

" On his arrival in Rome, however, charges of simony, or the buying of ecclesiastical office, and lack of learning were brought against him, and his elevation to York was refused by Pope Nicholas II, who also deposed him from Worcester.

Alexander was named after Pope Alexander II.

* Pope Alexander II, Pope from 1061 to 1073

In 1095 his ambassadors appeared before Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza.

In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue driving the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.

After being excommunicated for his audacities by Pope Honorius III, Afonso II promised to make amends to the church, but he died in 1223 before making any serious attempts to do so.

Pope Innocent IV then ordered Sancho II to be removed from the throne and be replaced by the Count of Boulogne.

The intervention of Pope Calixtus II brought about an arrangement between the old man and his young namesake.

* Pope Anastasius II

* Pope Anastasius II – Pope 496 – 498

From the 980s, Gerbert of Aurillac ( later, Pope Sylvester II ) used his position to spread knowledge of the numerals in Europe.

At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade ( there is evidence Urban II had conferred with Adhemar before the council ) and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II, he accompanied Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, to the east.

When at last successful, he was excommunicated by Pope Callixtus II for having expelled the monks of Saint-Gilles, who had aided his enemies.

* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is elected the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church following the death of Pope John Paul II.

* 1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.

Casimir managed to have Anne and Cunigunde legitimated by Pope Urban V on 5 December 1369.

On May 5, 1940 Pope Pius XII named her a joint Patron Saint of Italy along with Saint Francis of Assisi.

On 5 October 1920, Pope Benedict XV proclaimed Ephrem a Doctor of the Church.

Pope Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria, in the place now named after him ( Pian di San Martino ), was pope from 649 to 653, succeeding Pope Theodore I on 5 July 649.

Pope Clement IV ( 23 November 1190 / 1200 – 29 November 1268 ), born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat ; ), was Pope from 5 February 1265 until his death.

Pope Gregory XIV ( 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591 ), born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 until his death in 1591.

Pope Urban VIII ( baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644 ), born Maffeo Barberini, was pope from 1623 to 1644.

Pope Saint Felix I was Pope from 5 January 269 to 30 December 274.

A Roman by birth, Felix was chosen as Pope on 5 January 269, in succession to Pope Dionysius, who had died on 26 December 268

In Pope Paul's revision, 13. 5 % of the Old Testament and 71. 5 % of the New Testament are read.

* In Czech Republic and Slovakia, the two brothers were originally commemorated on 9 March, but Pope Pius IX changed this date to 5 July for several reasons.

The trumps rank as follows: The Angel ( 20 — although it only bears the second-highest number, it is nonetheless the highest ), the World ( 21 ), the Sun ( 19 ), the Moon ( 18 ), the Star ( 17 ), the Tower ( 16 ), the Devil ( 15 ), Temperance ( 14 ), Death ( 13 ), the Hanged Man ( 12 ), Justice ( 11 ), the Wheel of Fortune ( 10 ), the Hermit ( 9 ), Strength ( 8 ), the Chariot ( 7 ), the Lovers ( 6 ), the Pope ( 5 ), the Emperor ( 4 ), the Empress ( 3 ), the Popess ( 2 ) and the Bagatto ( 1 ).

In a speech on 5 October 1995, Pope John Paul II called the UDHR " one of the highest expressions of the human conscience of our time ".

* 1139: On July 5, in the Treaty of Mignano, Pope Innocent II confirms Roger II as King of Sicily, Duke of Apulia, and Prince of Capua and invests him with his titles.