Postmodern theoretical apparatus, e. g. Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas

Postmodern theorists rejected modernist claims that there was one theoretical approach that explained all aspects of society.

Historiography in the Twentieth Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge ( 1997 ), ch. 5

Hal Foster attempted to portray the reaction against beauty and Modernist art in The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture.

* Lyotard, Jean-François ( 1979 ), The Postmodern Condition, Manchester University Press, 1984.

" Postmodern Science Fiction and Cyberpunk ", retrieved 2006-07-19.

Postmodern critical research is also characterized by what is called, the crisis of representation, which rejects the idea that a researcher ’ s work is considered an “ objective depiction of a stable other ” ( Lindlof & Taylor, 2002, p. 53 ).

* How To Deconstruct Almost Anything-My Postmodern Adventure by Chip Morningstar ; a cynical introduction to ' deconstruction ' from the perspective of a software engineer.

* Lewis, Bob. Devo: The First Postmodern Band, essay on Devo history at Kent State

See also: Unity Church, Christian Science, Christian theological praxis and Postmodern Christianity.

* Iggers, Georg G. Historiography in the 20th Century: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge ( 2005 )

Postmodern / poststructuralist thinkers also express a skepticism about any all-encompassing metaphysical scheme.

Postmodern theory asserts that the attempt to canonise modernism " after the fact " is doomed to undisambiguable contradictions.

* Gerald Graff ( 1975 ) Babbitt at the Abyss: The Social Context of Postmodern.

Postmodern and poststructuralist thought question the very grounds on which Western cultures have based their ' truths ': absolute knowledge and meaning, a ' decentralization ' of authorship, the accumulation of positive knowledge, historical progress, and certain ideals and practices of humanism and the Enlightenment.

Postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard wrote briefly of nihilism from the postmodern viewpoint in Simulacra and Simulation.

* Slocombe, Will ( 2006 ), Nihilism and the Sublime Postmodern: The ( Hi ) Story of a Difficult Relationship, New York, NY: Routledge.

Towards a Postmodern Understanding of the Political.

While the term " Postmodern " and its derivatives are freely used, with some uses apparently contradicting others, those outside the academic milieu have described it as merely a buzzword that means nothing.

When it becomes possible for a people to describe as ‘ postmodern ’ the décor of a room, the design of a building, the diegesis of a film, the construction of a record, or a ‘ scratch ’ video, a television commercial, or an arts documentary, or the ‘ intertextual ’ relations between them, the layout of a page in a fashion magazine or critical journal, an anti-teleological tendency within epistemology, the attack on the ‘ metaphysics of presence ’, a general attenuation of feeling, the collective chagrin and morbid projections of a post-War generation of baby boomers confronting disillusioned middle-age, the ‘ predicament ’ of reflexivity, a group of rhetorical tropes, a proliferation of surfaces, a new phase in commodity fetishism, a fascination for images, codes and styles, a process of cultural, political or existential fragmentation and / or crisis, the ‘ de-centring ’ of the subject, an ‘ incredulity towards metanarratives ’, the replacement of unitary power axes by a plurality of power / discourse formations, the ‘ implosion of meaning ’, the collapse of cultural hierarchies, the dread engendered by the threat of nuclear self-destruction, the decline of the university, the functioning and effects of the new miniaturised technologies, broad societal and economic shifts into a ‘ media ’, ‘ consumer ’ or ‘ multinational ’ phase, a sense ( depending on who you read ) of ‘ placelessness ’ or the abandonment of placelessness (‘ critical regionalism ’) or ( even ) a generalised substitution of spatial for temporal coordinates-when it becomes possible to describe all these things as ‘ Postmodern ’ ( or more simply using a current abbreviation as ‘ post ’ or ‘ very post ’) then it ’ s clear we are in the presence of a buzzword.

Though many Post-structuralists were referred to as Postmodern in their lifetimes, many explicitly rejected the term.

The term " Postmodern " was first used around the 1870s.

John Watkins Chapman suggested " a Postmodern style of painting " as a way to move beyond French Impressionism.

" Postmodernist " describes part of a movement ; " Postmodern " places it in the period of time since the 1950s, making it a part of contemporary history.

* Pangle, Thomas L., The Ennobling of Democracy: The Challenge of the Postmodern Age, Baltimore, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991 ISBN 0-8018-4635-8

* Veith Jr., Gene Edward ( 1994 ) Postmodern Times: A Christian Guide to Contemporary Thought and Culture ( ISBN 0-89107-768-5 )

* Yiftachel, Oren, 1995, " The Dark Side of Modernism: Planning as Control of an Ethnic Minority ," in Sophie Watson and Katherine Gibson, eds., Postmodern Cities and Spaces ( Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell ), pp. 216 – 240.

" in Image and Ideology in Modern / Postmodern Discourse., Edited by David B.

* Dettmar, Kevin J. H., " From Interpretation to ' Intrepidation ': Joyce's ' The Sisters ' as a Precursor of the Postmodern Mystery ," pp. 149 – 165 in: Walker, Ronald G.

" Id ", " ego ", and " super-ego " are the three parts of the " psychic apparatus " defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche ; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described.

Id, ego and super-ego are the three parts of the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche ; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described.

After analyzing the existing capitalistic growth-development theoretical apparatus, he introduces the new model which integrates the variables of freedom, democracy and human rights into the existing models and argue that any future economic growth-development of any nation depends on this emerging model as we witness the third wave of unfolding demand for democracy in the Middle East.

Previous work may be cited regarding experimental procedures, apparatus, goals, previous theoretical results upon which the new work builds, theses, and so on.

The apparatus, the golf club and golf ball or the tennis racket, provide the player with a higher theoretical performance limit.

In theoretical physics, the renormalization group ( RG ) refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales.

* Renormalization group, in theoretical physics, refers to a mathematical apparatus that allows one to investigate the changes of a physical system as one views it at different distance scales

Some believe that Marxism fails because its theoretical " socialist mode of production " involves centralizing and empowering the State apparatus which empowers people from the coordinator class to seize control of the State and means of production to manage the labor class, effectively acting as a surrogate capital class.

The second main part of a Keynesian policy-maker's theoretical apparatus was the Phillips curve.

Although from a theoretical and historical point of view this apparatus is interesting, present day electronic measurement of time and electrical current provide in their multiplication the amount of passed coulombs much easier, with greater precission, and in a shorter period of time than is possible by weighing the electrodes.

As far as atoms and their electron shells were concerned, not only did this yield a better overall description, i. e. the atomic orbital model, but it also provided a new theoretical basis for chemistry

In theoretical analysis of algorithms it is common to estimate their complexity in the asymptotic sense, i. e., to estimate the complexity function for arbitrarily large input.

Husserl argues that logic is theoretical, i. e., that logic itself proposes a priori laws which are themselves the basis of the normative side of logic.

In turn, Maoism became the theoretical basis of some third world revolutionary vanguard parties, e. g., the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland, the Communist Party of Cuba, the Sandinista National Liberation Front, et al.

Others ( e. g. analytic philosophers ) see philosophy as a technical, formal, and entirely theoretical discipline, with goals such as " the disinterested pursuit of knowledge for its own sake ".

This was due both to the steady increase in computational power resulting from Moore's Law and the gradual lessening of the dominance of Chomskyan theories of linguistics ( e. g. transformational grammar ), whose theoretical underpinnings discouraged the sort of corpus linguistics that underlies the machine-learning approach to language processing.

Other propensity theorists ( e. g. Ronald Giere ) do not explicitly define propensities at all, but rather see propensity as defined by the theoretical role it plays in science.

Part of the theoretical material has to do with evolutionary areas ( topics e and f above ), the rest relates especially to the problem of classification.

Many theoretical physicists ( e. g., Stephen Hawking, Edward Witten, Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind ) believe that string theory is a step towards the correct fundamental description of nature.

SMILES is generally considered to have the advantage of being slightly more human-readable than InChI ; it also has a wide base of software support with extensive theoretical ( e. g., graph theory ) backing.

Other " miscellaneous " research areas in theoretical chemistry include the mathematical characterization of bulk chemistry in various phases ( e. g. the study of chemical kinetics ) and the study of the applicability of more recent math developments to the basic areas of study ( e. g. for instance the possible application of principles of topology to the study of elaborate electronic structure ).

It occurs in some decision problem descriptions in theoretical computer science ( e. g. some P-complete problems ), where it is used to " artificially " decrease the run-time or space requirements of a problem.

As opposed to the psychoanalytic tradition, driven by the relatively speculative ( in the sense of being hard to empirically verify ), theoretical concepts such as the Oedipus complex or Electra complex, the cognitive tradition of research on unconscious processes is based on relatively few theoretical assumptions and is very empirically oriented ( i. e., it is mostly data driven ).

The kepstrum, which stands for " Kolmogorov equation power series time response ", is similar to the cepstrum and has the same relation to it as statistical average has to expected value, i. e. cepstrum is the empirically measured quantity while kepstrum is the theoretical quantity.

The theoretical maximum aperture of a lens made of glass ( which has an index of refraction equal to 1. 5 ) and surrounded by air is f / 0. 5, but if a lens were made with other material, e. g. diamond ( index of refraction 2. 417 ) then the theoretical maximum f-number can be lower than 0. 5.

The most important property of adjoints is their continuity: every functor that has a left adjoint ( and therefore is a right adjoint ) is continuous ( i. e. commutes with limits in the category theoretical sense ); every functor that has a right adjoint ( and therefore is a left adjoint ) is cocontinuous ( i. e. commutes with colimits ).

In addition to traditional ( i. e. molecular and cellular ) biophysical topics like structural biology or enzyme kinetics, modern biophysics encompasses an extraordinarily broad range of research, from bioelectronics to quantum biology involving both experimental and theoretical tools.

On the other hand, feminist theorists such as Juliet Mitchell, Nancy Chodorow, Jessica Benjamin, Jane Gallop, Bracha Ettinger, Shoshana Felman, Griselda Pollock and Jane Flax have argued that psychoanalytic theory is vital to the feminist project and must, like other theoretical traditions, be adapted by women to free it from vestiges of sexism ( i. e. being censored ).

The spontaneous combustion of people ( i. e. death from a fire originating within the victim's body without a direct external cause ) is a theoretical explanation for a number of unexplained cases, some of which are well-documented but many of which are not.