Prussian Homage ( painting ) | Prussian Homage: Albert and his brothers receive the Duchy of Prussia as a fief from Polish King Sigismund I the Old, 1525.

He is one of the figures on the Prussian Homage painting by Jan Matejko.

* April 10 – Albert of Prussia commits Prussian Homage.

Prussian Homage ( painting ) | Prussian Homage, by Jan Matejko, 1882.

This was called the " Prussian Homage ".

In 1525, the Order was ousted from East Prussian territory by its own Hochmeister when Albert, Duke of Prussia adopted Lutheranism and assumed the title of duke as hereditary ruler under the overlordship of Poland in the Prussian Homage.

Albert established himself as the first duke of the Duchy of Prussia and a vassal of the Polish crown by the Prussian Homage.

On April 10, 1525 Albert resigned his position, became a Protestant, and in the Prussian Homage was granted the title " Duke of Prussia " by his new feudal overlord, King Sigismund I the Old of Poland, who was also his uncle.

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Pope Clement VII objected to the Prussian Homage, which was derided as the Krakauer Kuhhandel (" Cracow horse-trading ").

The Prussian Homage ( painting ) | Prussian Homage ( by Jan Matejko, 1882, National Museum, Kraków ): Albert, Duke of Prussia | Albert receives eastern Prussia as a fief from King Sigismund I the Old | Sigismund I of Poland in 1525.

A pensive Stańczyk in a detail of Matejko's The Prussian Homage

During World War II, " The Prussian Tribute ", the famous Polish painting by Jan Matejko, was transferred secretly from Kraków and hidden in the vault of the church to protect it from the Nazis.

* In oil painting, colormaker Diesbach of Berlin ( Germany ) accidentally invents the pigment Prussian blue, a powerful dark blue pigment with greenish undertones ( made from alum and animal bones ); therefore, Prussian blue cannot be found in a paint layer predating 1704.

Tests of this painting, revealed that the purportedly ancient wormholes in the panel had been made with a drill ( they were straight, not crooked ) and that the Virgin's robe was painted using Prussian blue, a pigment not invented until the 18th century.

In 2004, the Foundation for Prussian Palaces and Gardens informed the IU Art Museum ; in 2006, the IU Art Museum agreed to return the painting to Berlin.

He is one of the figures on the Prussian Homage painting by Jan Matejko.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

She is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

Clay, but was back in Germany a few years later, this time in Düsseldorf which was the center for historical painting in Europe, where he studied under the German military artist, Emil Hünten, himself an ex-pupil of Horace Vernet, and at the time military and historical painter to the Prussian emperor.

He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko, Prussian Homage.

Die Proklamation des Deutschen Kaiserreiches by Anton von Werner ( 1877 ), depicting the proclamation of the foundation of the German Reich ( 18 January 1871, Palace of Versailles ). Left, on the podium ( in black ): Crown Prince Frederick ( later Frederick III, German Emperor | Frederick III ), his father Emperor William I, German Emperor | William I, and Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden | Frederick I of Baden, proposing a toast to the new emperor. Centre ( in white ): Otto von Bismarck, first Chancellor of Germany, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian Chief of Staff.

Georg Friedrich, Prince of Prussia | Prince Georg Friedrich, head of the Prussian branch of the House of Hohenzollern

Construction schematic of a Prussian optical telegraph ( or Semaphore line | semaphore ) tower, C. 1835

After defeating Prussian forces at Battle of Jena-Auerstedt | Jena, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806

File: Prussian Army during battle of Mollwitz 1741. PNG | The Prussian infantry during the Battle of Mollwitz, 1741

After defeating Prussian forces at Battle of Jena-Auerstedt | Jena, the French Army entered Berlin on 27 October 1806

Uniforms of the Prussian Army | Brandenburg-Prussian army in 1698

The Prussian estates paying homage to sovereign Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg | Frederick William I in Königsberg Castle, 1663.

in 1923 ) of the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union | old Prussian Ecclesiastical Province of Posen-West Prussia in today's Piła, now the administrative centre of an oil and gas drilling company.

Restored boundary stone near Ellingshausen at the border with the Schleusingen district, from 1816 part of Province of Saxony | Prussian Saxony

Instead, Albert's secularization of the Prussian territories of the Order eventually led to the inheritance of the Duchy of Prussia by the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

* 1887 – A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, Alsatian police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of German Emperor William I, defusing a possible war.

* 1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4, 000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.

Although the various Baltic tribes were mentioned by ancient historians as early as 98 B. C., the first attestation of a Baltic language was in about 1350, with the creation of the Elbing Prussian Vocabulary, a German to Prussian translation dictionary.

With the establishment of a German state in Prussia, and the eradication or flight of much of the Baltic Prussian population in the 13th century, the remaining Prussians began to be assimilated, and by the end of the 17th century, the Prussian language had become extinct.

The dye Prussian blue was first accidentally made around 1706, by heating substances containing iron and carbon and nitrogen.

At the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt on October 14, 1806 – when Napoleon invaded Prussia and defeated the massed Prussian-Saxon army commanded by Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick – he was captured, one of the 25, 000 prisoners captured that day as the Prussian army disintegrated.

The Prussians were defeated at Ligny ( south of Mont-Saint-Jean and the village of Waterloo ) by an army led personally by Napoleon, but Napoleon's failure to destroy the Prussian forces led to his defeat a few days later at the Battle of Waterloo, when the Prussian forces unexpectedly arrived on his right flank late in the afternoon to support the Anglo-Dutch forces pressing his front.

His conclusions were influenced by his experiences in the Prussian Army, which was often in an intelligence fog due partly to the superior abilities of Napoleon's system but even more to the nature of war.

In 1209, Christian was commissioned by the Pope to be responsible for the Prussian missions between the Vistula and Neman Rivers and in 1212 he was appointed bishop.

The attempts by Konrad of Masovia to subdue the Prussian lands had picked long-term and intense border quarrels, whereby the Polish lands of Masovia, Cuyavia and even Greater Poland became subject to continuous Prussian raids.

Bishop Christian asked the new Pope Honorius III for the consent to start another Crusade, however a first campaign in 1217 proved a failure and even the joint efforts by Duke Konrad with the Polish High Duke Leszek I the White and Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia in 122 / 23 only led to the reconquest of Chełmno Land but did not stop the Prussian invasions.

It was regarded as a Protestant custom by the Roman Catholic majority along the lower Rhine, and was spread there only by Prussian officials who were moved there in the wake of the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

Just a Gigolo ( 1979 ), an Anglo-German co-production directed by David Hemmings, saw Bowie in the lead role as Prussian officer Paul von Przygodski, who, returning from World War I, is discovered by a Baroness ( Marlene Dietrich ) and put into her Gigolo Stable.

The electrical telegraph, or more commonly just ' telegraph ', superseded optical semaphore telegraph systems, such as those designed by Claude Chappe for the French military, and Friedrich Clemens Gerke for the Prussian military, thus becoming the first form of electrical telecommunications.

Although enclosed by Thuringian territory in the west, south and east, the city remained part of the Prussian Province of Saxony until 1944.

Starting in 1209 additional crusades were called for by Konrad of Masovia, who sought more to conquer Prussian territory than actually convert the indigenous Prussians.