According to the American Psychological Association ( APA ), there are numerous theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation, but some believe that " sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors ," and that genetic factors play a " significant role " in determining a person's sexuality.

Psychological factors can reduce the desire for sex.

* Psychological factors in International Relations-Evaluating psychological factors in international relations comes from the understanding that a state is not a ' black box ' as proposed by Realism, and that there may be other influences on foreign policy decisions.

Psychological factors cited by academics

Psychological factors could include a greater awareness of one's self and preferences ; an ability to control desires and hold more realistic expectations ; getting closer to death may motivate people to pursue more goals ; improved social skills, like forgiveness, may take years to develop ; or happier people may live longer and are slightly overrepresented in the elderly population.

" Psychological factors may be important in the etiology of IBS.

* Psychological: Psychological factors are the type of personality, emotions

Psychological factors and hoaxes actually constituted less than 10 % of all cases and 22 % of all sightings, particularly the better-documented cases, remained unsolved.

The American Psychological Association has provided briefs concerning mental illness, retardation and other factors.

* Psychological factors are judged, in the clinician's belief, to be associated with the symptom or deficit because conflicts or other stressors precede the initiation or exacerbation of the symptom or deficit.

Psychological factors can impact health directly ( such as stress causing the release of hormones such as cortisol which damage the body over time ) and indirectly via a person's own behavior choices which can harm or protect health ( such as smoking or taking exercise ).

Psychological factors in health had been studied since the early 20th century by disciplines such as psychosomatic medicine and later behavioral medicine, but these were primarily branches of medicine, not psychology.

* Psychological factors ( sports personality tests )

Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy are recommended as a first-line therapy for panic disorder ; benzodiazepine use has been found to interfere with therapeutic gains from these therapies.

# Psychological adjustment exists when the concept of the self is such that all the sensory and visceral experiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self.

" Psychological reversals are common and sometimes happen so suddenly that inconsistency in characterization is an issue for many critics, such as Aristotle, who cited Iphigenia in Aulis as an example ( Poetics 1454a32 ).

The American Psychological Association's report Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns stated that in the United States IQ tests as predictors of social achievement are not biased against African Americans since they predict future performance, such as school achievement, similarly to the way they predict future performance for Caucasians.

I – O psychologists adhere to professional standards, such as the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology's ( SIOP ) Principles for Validation and Use of Personnel Selection Procedures and the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.

These theories, championed by the likes of Noam Chomsky and others, include innatism and Psychological nativism, in which a child is born prepared in some manner with these capacities, as opposed to other theories in which language is simply learned as other cognitive skills, including such mundane motor skills as learning to ride a bike.

Psychological mechanisms have also been implicated, such as cognitive ( e. g. reasoning ) biases, emotional influences, personality dynamics, temperament and coping style.

Psychological egoism asserts that all such desires are ultimately derived from self-interest.

Psychological egoism may seem at first obviously false, because there are many acts that appear to be altruistic which are common and well known, such as self-sacrifice and gratuitous help.

Psychological egoists, however, respond that helping others in such ways is ultimately motivated by some form of self-interest, such as non-sensory satisfaction, the expectation of reciprocation, the desire to gain respect or reputation, or by the expectation of a reward in a putative afterlife.

Psychological egoists could claim that such actions which do not ' directly ' result in positivity, or reward, are not dissimilar from the actions of the dog.

It is possible to get more Hero Points for character creation by choosing Disabilities for the character, such as Public Identity, Vulnerability to a Substance, Psychological Problems, etc.

It is stated in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct set by the American Psychological Association, that psychologists may not conduct research that includes a deceptive compartment unless the act is justified by the value and the importance of the results of such study, provided that this could not be obtained in an alternative way.

* Psychological manipulation, such as provoking people to aggression and then patronizing them, provoking aggression but staying on the sidelines, emotional blackmail, false tearfulness, feigning illness, sabotaging relationships, using sexual provocation, using a third party to convey negative feelings, withholding money or resources.

In addition, gender-neutral language has gained support from some major textbook publishers, and from professional and academic groups such as the American Psychological Association and the Associated Press.

The forms of citations generally subscribe to one of the generally accepted citations systems, such as the Oxford, Harvard, MLA, American Sociological Association ( ASA ), American Psychological Association ( APA ), and other citations systems, as their syntactic conventions are widely known and easily interpreted by readers.

Use of deception raises many problems of research ethics and it is strictly regulated by professional bodies such as the American Psychological Association.

Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from obtaining self-esteem on both levels.

Psychological testing is a field characterized by the use of samples of behavior in order to assess psychological construct ( s ), such as cognitive and emotional functioning, about a given individual.

Psychological assessment is a process that involves checking the integration of information from multiple sources, such as tests of normal and abnormal personality, tests of ability or intelligence, tests of interests or attitudes, as well as information from personal interviews.

( Graduates of unaccredited state-approved schools such as CGI are limited to associate membership in the American Psychological Association.

Psychological properties, such as belief and perception, are those that are “ characterized by their causal role ” within an overall causal system.

George Bonanno, a professor of clinical psychology at Columbia University, conducted more than two decades of scientific studies on grief and trauma, which have been published in several papers in the most respected peer-reviewed journals in the field of psychology, such as Psychological Science and The Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

The consensus, however, in position statements from the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association and other institutions in many other countries, is that the research and clinical literature demonstrate that homosexuality is a normal and positive variation of human sexuality, and that any social exclusion or difficulties with homosexuality are a problem of society.

Psychological egoists argue that although some actions may not clearly cause physical nor social positivity, nor avoid negativity, one's current contemplation or reactionary mental expectation of these is the main factor of the decision.

American Psychological Association ( APA ) Style is a set of rules developed to assist reading comprehension in the social and behavioral sciences.

" The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association contains the rules for every aspect of writing, especially in the social sciences from determining authorship to constructing a table to avoiding plagiarism and constructing accurate reference citations.

( 2003 ) " Dynamical evolutionary psychology: Individual decision rules and emergent social norms ," Psychological Review 110: 3 – 28.

Psychological theories treat magic as a personal phenomenon intended to meet individual needs, as opposed to a social phenomenon serving a collective purpose.

* The style of the American Psychological Association, or APA style, published in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, is most often used in social sciences.

Psychological distress can lead to significant depression and social isolation.

Festinger's contributions to social psychology were so great that in 1959 the American Psychological Association recognized his work by awarding him with the " Distinguished Scientific Contribution " award.

In the International Marketing Review article “ Status Consumption in Cross-national Context: Socio – Psychological, Brand and Situational Antecedents ” ( 2010 ), Paurav Shukla reported that, whilst researchers recognize the importance of the consumer ’ s social and psychological environment, the definition of the construct of status-directed consumption remains ambiguous, because, in order to develop a comprehensive general theory, social scientists are intellectually required to accept two fundamental assumptions that do not always concord.

Based in part on empirical research that has been conducted on the adverse effects of stigmatization, numerous prominent social science organizations have issued position statements supporting same-sex marriage and opposing discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation ; these organizations include the American Psychoanalytic Association and the American Psychological Association.

During World War II, Bruner served on the Psychological Warfare Division of the Supreme Headquarters of the Allied Expeditory Force Europe committee under Eisenhower, researching social psychological phenomena.

The American Psychological Association reported that some ex-gay groups may help counteract and buffer minority stress, marginalization, and isolation in ways similar to other support groups, such as offering social support, fellowship, role models, and new ways to view a problem through unique philosophies or ideologies.

The American Psychological Association ( APA ) style is often used in the social sciences.

A 2011 study published in the journal Psychological Science found goalkeepers dived to the right 71 % of the time when their team was losing, but only 48 % when ahead and 49 % when tied, a phenomenon believed to be related to certain right-preferring behaviour in social mammals.

* Psychological disabilities such as social phobias, social anxiety, avoidant personality disorder or post traumatic stress disorder

Psychological symptoms include poor memory, social withdrawal, and depression, while physical symptoms may include loss of strength, stamina, and musculature.

The paper was first published by the American Psychological Association ( APA ) in July, 1998, in the Psychological Bulletin to little reaction, though strong reactions were ultimately demonstrated by social conservatives / religious fundamentalists, and psychotherapists and psychiatrists who treat victims of sexual abuse who were concerned about the unintended implications.