Ptolemy III's stone stela is the Canopus Stone of 238 BC.

Ptolemy III's navy, perhaps with the aid of rebels in the cities, advances against Seleucus II's forces as far as Thrace, across the Hellespont, and also captures some islands off the Anatolian coast.

Ptolemy III's armies reach as far as Bactria and the borders of India in their attacks on the Seleucid Empire.

* Perdiccas III of Macedon, son of Amyntas III and Eurydice II, kills Ptolemy of Aloros, who has been the regent of Macedon since he arranged the assassination of Perdiccas III's brother Alexander II in 368 BC.

Ptolemy III Euergetes was responsible for the first known example of a series of decrees published as bilingual inscriptions on massive stone blocks in three writing systems.

* The Decree of Canopus, also called " Table of Tanis ", is a memorial stone promulgated by an assemblage of priests in honour of Ptolemy III Euergetes and his consort Berenice.

In line with ancient Egyptian tradition, she was also named adelphe (= sister ) of Ptolemy V. A synod of priests held at Memphis in 185 BC transferred all honours that Ptolemy V had received in 196 BC ( written on the Rosetta stone ) to his wife.

Some scholars believe that a stone tower mentioned in Ptolemy and other early accounts of travel on the Silk Road, refers to this spot.

Cailliaud was a French mineralogist, geologist and stone collector who Drovetti introduced to the Ali Pasha in order to gain a mandate to hunt for the emerald mines of Ptolemy.

The Decree of Memphis is an ancient inscribed stone stela which comprises the second of the Ptolemaic Decrees issued by Ptolemy IV of the Hellenistic Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC.

This is the earliest of the series of bilingual inscriptions of the " Rosetta Stone Series ", the next being the Decree of Memphis, for Ptolemy IV, and the third, final stone, being the Memphis Decree Rosetta Stone, inscribed for Ptolemy V, in 196 BCE.

The slightly earlier decree of Canopus, erected in 238 BC during the reign of Ptolemy III, is high and wide, and contains 36 lines of hieroglyphic text, 73 of demotic text, and 74 of Greek.

140 — Ptolemy completes his Almagest, which contains a catalog of stars, observations of planetary motions, and treatises on geometry and cosmology

This archaeological site contains the ruins of a Roman town known as Sala Colonia and referred to as Sala by Ptolemy.

Two other fragmentary copies of the same decree were discovered later, and several similar Egyptian bilingual or trilingual inscriptions are now known, including two slightly earlier Ptolemaic decrees ( the Decree of Canopus in 238 BC, and the Memphis decree of Ptolemy IV, ca.

The bilingual decrees for the Three-Stela Series are: Ptolemy III, Ptolemy IV, Ptolemy V, the Decree of Canopus ( also named the " Şân Stele "), the famous " Stele of Rosetta " ( Decree of Memphis ), the Rosetta Stone, ( grandfather, son and grandson ).

Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic ; and Abu ' Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics.

He flourished about 280 BC, in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

move seemingly had a strictly personal political motive – that is, fear and jealousy of his cousin Ptolemy – and thus the expansion was not set about in response to pressing military or economic needs.

Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the writings of Ptolemy ( the Egyptian astronomer and cartographer ) in about 140 AD provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there.

Writing about 80 years later, in 140-150 AD, Ptolemy, drawing on the earlier naval expeditions of Agricola, also distinguished between the Ebudes, of which he writes there were only five ( and thus possibly meaning the Inner Hebrides ) and Dumna.

It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II ( 285 – 246 BC ), and is therefore likely to have been built at about the same time as the Alexandria Pharos.

His oikoumenè spanned 180 degrees of longitude from the Blessed Islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the middle of China, and about 80 degrees of latitude from Shetland to anti-Meroe ( east coast of Africa ); Ptolemy was well aware that he knew about only a quarter of the globe, and an erroneous extension of China southward suggests his sources did not reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

A collection of one hundred aphorisms about astrology called the Centiloquium, ascribed to Ptolemy, was widely reproduced and commented on by Arabic, Latin and Hebrew scholars, and often bound together in medieval manuscripts after the Tetrabiblos as a kind of summation.

Ptolemy wrote about how musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations and vice versa in Harmonics.

In it Ptolemy writes about properties of light, including reflection, refraction, and colour.

A notable example is the now defunct belief in the Ptolemy planetary model that held sway until changes in scientific and religious thinking were brought about by Galileo and proponents of his views.

Later the Persian king Darius had the same idea, and yet again Ptolemy II, who made a trench 100 feet wide, 30 feet deep and about 35 miles long, as far as the Bitter Lakes.

It is originally from the Greek Μουσεῖον ( Mouseion ), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the Muses ( the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts ), and hence a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the Musæum ( institute ) for philosophy and research at Alexandria by Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BCE.

Considerable difficulties faced by the Seleucid kings and the attacks of Ptolemy II of Egypt gave Diodotus, satrap of Bactria, the opportunity to declare independence ( about 255 BC ) and conquer Sogdiana.

— Claudius Ptolemy ( in his work Optics ) wrote about the properties of light including: reflection, refraction, and color and tabulated angles of refraction for several media

* Ptolemy IV dies and is succeeded by his five year old son Ptolemy V. However, no public announcement is made about the king's death.

Other well-known examples are the Memphis Stele ( Memphis Stone ), bearing the Decree of Memphis, about 218 BC, passed by his son, Ptolemy IV, and the famous Rosetta Stone erected by Ptolemy Epiphanes, his grandson, in 196 BC.

* Berenice's brother, Ptolemy III, sets about to avenge his sister's murder by invading Syria which begins the Third Syrian War ( also known as the Laodicean War ).

At that time Ptolemy V was about 16 years and Cleopatra I about 10 years old.

Ptolemy succeeded in 180 BC at the age of about 6 and ruled jointly with his mother, Cleopatra I, until her death in 176 BC, which is what ' Philometor ', his epithet, implies ; " he who loves his mother ", φίλος ( beloved, friend ) + μήτηρ ( mother ).

In English, the p of the Greek-pt-consonant cluster is typically silent at the beginning of a word ( e. g. pterodactyl, Ptolemy ), but articulated when used in combining forms preceded by a vowel, as in helicopter or the orders of insects: diptera, lepidoptera, etc.

* 48 BC – Pompey the Great is assassinated on the orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.

** September 28 – Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt ( may have occurred September 29, records unclear ).

Scalded to death in his bath by Theogos or Theodotus, at the orders of Ptolemy IV.

She was later beheaded on the orders of her father, Ptolemy XII.