Another possibility, raised in an essay by the Swedish fantasy writer and editor Rickard Berghorn, is that the name Alhazred was influenced by references to two historical authors whose names were Latinized as Alhazen: Alhazen ben Josef, who translated Ptolemy into Arabic ; and Abu ' Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, who wrote about optics, mathematics and physics.

In the second century AD the satirist Lucian wrote that Sostratus inscribed his name under plaster bearing the name of Ptolemy.

Grosseteste's most famous disciple, Roger Bacon, wrote works citing a wide range of recently translated optical and philosophical works, including those of Alhazen, Aristotle, Avicenna, Averroes, Euclid, al-Kindi, Ptolemy, Tideus, and Constantine the African.

The Roman astronomer Ptolemy mentions the Praesepe, the Double Cluster in Perseus, and the Ptolemy Cluster, while the Persian astronomer Al-Sufi wrote of the Omicron Velorum cluster.

Claudius Ptolemy (;, Klaudios Ptolemaios ; ; AD 90 – AD 168 ) was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek.

Ptolemy also wrote an influential work, Harmonics, on music theory and the mathematics of music.

Ptolemy wrote in Greek, in which the name is a neuter plural.

Ptolemy also wrote influential work Harmonics on music theory.

— Claudius Ptolemy ( in his work Optics ) wrote about the properties of light including: reflection, refraction, and color and tabulated angles of refraction for several media

Theon of Alexandria wrote a detailed treatise on the astrolabe, and argues that Ptolemy used an astrolabe to make the astronomical observations recorded in the Tetrabiblos.

Claudius Ptolemy ( c. 120 CE ) was an ancient astronomer and astrologer in early Imperial Roman times who wrote several books on astronomy.

Ptolemy wrote the Almagest as a textbook of mathematical astronomy.

In his Aporias against Ptolemy, Ibn al-Haytham further wrote the following comments on truth:

Most ancient Greeks, however, did not subscribe to such a literalist view of using mythology to attempt to date the creation ; Hecataeus of Miletus was an early ancient Greek logographer who strongly criticised this method, while Ptolemy wrote of such an " immense period " of time before the historical period ( 776 BC ), and thus believed in a much greater age for the creation.

The ancient Greek writer Diodorus Siculus wrote that the ancient Egyptians dated their creation ( or start of their reign of Gods ) " a little less than eighteen thousand years " from Ptolemy XII Auletes ( 117 – 51 BC ).

Ptolemy, the Alexandrian astronomer ( 2nd century ) wrote a treatise, Phaseis —" phases of fixed stars and collection of weather-changes " is the translation of its full title — the core of which is a parapegma, a list of dates of seasonally regular weather changes, first appearances and last appearances of stars or constellations at sunrise or sunset, and solar events such as solstices, all organized according to the solar year.

In 1632, shortly after the publication of Galileo's Dialogues of the New Science, Torricelli wrote to Galileo of reading it " with the delight [...] of one who, having already practiced all of geometry most diligently [...] and having studied Ptolemy and seen almost everything of Tycho Brahe, Kepler and Longomontanus, finally, forced by the many congruences, came to adhere to Copernicus, and was a Galileian in profession and sect ".

Ptolemy ( in his work Optics written in the 2nd century AD ) wrote about the properties of light including reflection, refraction, and color.

Alhazen wrote a scathing critique of Ptolemy's model in his Doubts on Ptolemy ( c. 1028 ), which some have interpreted to imply he was criticizing Ptolemy's geocentrism, but most agree that he was actually criticizing the details of Ptolemy's model rather than his geocentrism.

Agatharchides of Cnidus wrote about the " ridiculous practices " of the Jews and of the " absurdity of their Law ," and how Ptolemy Lagus was able to invade Jerusalem in 320 BC because its inhabitants were observing the Sabbath.

The outlines of the traditional account of the " invasion " of the land by the Hyksos is preserved in the Aegyptiaca of Manetho, an Egyptian priest who wrote in the time of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

It is speculated that Manetho wrote at the request of Ptolemy I or II to give an account of the history of Egypt to the Greeks from a native's perspective.

At the time when Ptolemy wrote the Geographia there were two significant areas of activity in north County Dublin.

He flourished about 280 BC, in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

move seemingly had a strictly personal political motive – that is, fear and jealousy of his cousin Ptolemy – and thus the expansion was not set about in response to pressing military or economic needs.

Although the area of Dublin Bay has been inhabited by humans since prehistoric times, the writings of Ptolemy ( the Egyptian astronomer and cartographer ) in about 140 AD provide possibly the earliest reference to a settlement there.

Writing about 80 years later, in 140-150 AD, Ptolemy, drawing on the earlier naval expeditions of Agricola, also distinguished between the Ebudes, of which he writes there were only five ( and thus possibly meaning the Inner Hebrides ) and Dumna.

It dates to the reign of Ptolemy II ( 285 – 246 BC ), and is therefore likely to have been built at about the same time as the Alexandria Pharos.

His oikoumenè spanned 180 degrees of longitude from the Blessed Islands in the Atlantic Ocean to the middle of China, and about 80 degrees of latitude from Shetland to anti-Meroe ( east coast of Africa ); Ptolemy was well aware that he knew about only a quarter of the globe, and an erroneous extension of China southward suggests his sources did not reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

A collection of one hundred aphorisms about astrology called the Centiloquium, ascribed to Ptolemy, was widely reproduced and commented on by Arabic, Latin and Hebrew scholars, and often bound together in medieval manuscripts after the Tetrabiblos as a kind of summation.

In it Ptolemy writes about properties of light, including reflection, refraction, and colour.

A notable example is the now defunct belief in the Ptolemy planetary model that held sway until changes in scientific and religious thinking were brought about by Galileo and proponents of his views.

Later the Persian king Darius had the same idea, and yet again Ptolemy II, who made a trench 100 feet wide, 30 feet deep and about 35 miles long, as far as the Bitter Lakes.

It is originally from the Greek Μουσεῖον ( Mouseion ), which denotes a place or temple dedicated to the Muses ( the patron divinities in Greek mythology of the arts ), and hence a building set apart for study and the arts, especially the Musæum ( institute ) for philosophy and research at Alexandria by Ptolemy I Soter about 280 BCE.

Considerable difficulties faced by the Seleucid kings and the attacks of Ptolemy II of Egypt gave Diodotus, satrap of Bactria, the opportunity to declare independence ( about 255 BC ) and conquer Sogdiana.

* Ptolemy IV dies and is succeeded by his five year old son Ptolemy V. However, no public announcement is made about the king's death.

Other well-known examples are the Memphis Stele ( Memphis Stone ), bearing the Decree of Memphis, about 218 BC, passed by his son, Ptolemy IV, and the famous Rosetta Stone erected by Ptolemy Epiphanes, his grandson, in 196 BC.

Ptolemy III's stone contains decrees about priestly orders, and is a memorial for his daughter Berenice.

* Berenice's brother, Ptolemy III, sets about to avenge his sister's murder by invading Syria which begins the Third Syrian War ( also known as the Laodicean War ).

At that time Ptolemy V was about 16 years and Cleopatra I about 10 years old.

Ptolemy succeeded in 180 BC at the age of about 6 and ruled jointly with his mother, Cleopatra I, until her death in 176 BC, which is what ' Philometor ', his epithet, implies ; " he who loves his mother ", φίλος ( beloved, friend ) + μήτηρ ( mother ).