The second and much more formidable host of crusaders gradually made its way to Constantinople, led in sections by Godfrey of Bouillon, Bohemond of Taranto, Raymond IV of Toulouse and other important members of the western nobility.

# Bourgogne of Lusignan ( 1176 – 1180 or c. 1178 – c. 1210 ), married as his third wife Raymond VI of Toulouse 1193, repudiated and divorced 1194 or 1196 without issue, married Gauthier I de Montfaucon aka Walter of Montbéliard ( killed in action at the Battle of Satalia, June 20, 1212 ) 1197 or bef.

19th century painting on display at Versailles, Yvelines | Versailles depicting Adhemar of Le Puy ( in red to left of Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse ).

At the Council of Clermont in 1095, Adhemar showed great zeal for the crusade ( there is evidence Urban II had conferred with Adhemar before the council ) and having been named apostolic legate and appointed to lead the crusade by Pope Urban II, he accompanied Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, to the east.

In 1229, his mother, who was regent of France, forced the Treaty of Paris on Raymond VII of Toulouse after his rebellion.

It stipulated that a brother of King Louis was to marry Joan of Toulouse, daughter of Raymond VII of Toulouse, and so in 1237 Alphonse married her.

Joan was the only surviving child and heiress of Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Marquis of Provence, so under Provençal and French law, the lands should have gone to her nearest male relative.

He was the son of Raymond IV of Toulouse by his third wife, Elvira of Castile, was born in the castle of Mont-Pelerin, Tripoli, in today's Lebanon.

# Raymond V of Toulouse

In January 1208 the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau, was sent to meet the ruler of the area, Count Raymond VI of Toulouse.

Simon's greatest triumph was the victory against superior numbers at the Battle of Muret — a battle which saw not only the defeat of Raymond of Toulouse and his Occitan allies — but also the death of Peter of Aragon — and the effective end of the ambitions of the house of Aragon / Barcelona in the Languedoc.

In secular matters, Raymond VI of Toulouse, his son ( afterwards Raymond VII ), and Raymond-Roger of Foix attended the Council to dispute the threatened confiscation of their territories ; Bishop Foulques and Guy de Montfort ( brother of Simon ) argued in favour of the confiscation.

Count Raymond VII of Toulouse finally signed the Treaty of Paris in 1229, in which he retained much of his lands for life, but his daughter, married to Count Alfonso of Poitou, produced him no heir and so the County of Toulouse went to the King of France.

Two of John ’ s close allies, Emperor Otto and Count Raymond VI of Toulouse, had already suffered the same punishment themselves, and the significance of excommunication had been somewhat devalued.

Raymond IV of Toulouse and Godfrey of Bouillon were recognized as the leaders of the crusade and the siege of Jerusalem.

When he was 15, Louis ' mother brought an end to the Albigensian Crusade in 1229 after signing an agreement with Count Raymond VII of Toulouse that cleared the latter's father of wrongdoing.

Raymond VI of Toulouse had been suspected of murdering a preacher on a mission to convert the Cathars.

* 1095 – On the last day of the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II appoints Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Count Raymond IV of Toulouse to lead the First Crusade to the Holy Land.

* 1156 – Count Raymond VI of Toulouse ( d. 1222 )

In the south of France he carried on Innocent III's work, confirming Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester in the possession of the lands of Raymond VI of Toulouse and succeeding, as Innocent III had not, in drawing the royal house of France into the conflict.

* Raymond IV of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and a Crusader

** July 15 – Christian soldiers under Godfrey of Bouillon, Robert II of Flanders, Raymond IV of Toulouse and Tancred take Jerusalem after a difficult siege.

Raymond has refused to speculate on whether the " bazaar " development model could be applied to works such as books and music, not wanting to " weaken the winning argument for open-sourcing software by tying it to a potential loser ".

Raymond was the wealthier and more powerful of the two, but at first he refused to become king, perhaps attempting to show his piety and probably hoping that the other nobles would insist upon his election anyway.

Raymond had refused to attend the coronation, and in Nablus he suggested that Isabella and Humphrey should be crowned instead, but Humphrey refused to agree to this plan which would have certainly started a civil war.

Raymond himself refused to do so and left for Tripoli ; Baldwin of Ibelin also refused, gave up his fiefs, and left for Antioch.

* Henny refused to go on the road with his solo-album ; he was scoring the 1985-released thriller De Prooi ( The Prey ) and producing albums for others, including Dutch-born, Belgian-raised singer Raymond van het Groenewoud ( a national treasure ).

In Raymond George Murray 1982 7A Crim R48 Sinclair DCJ refused to admit polygraph evidence tending to support the defence.

During the 1988 presidential campaign, he refused to choose publicly between the two right-wing candidates, his two former Prime Ministers Jacques Chirac and Raymond Barre.

The powerful count Raymond VI of Toulouse refused to assist, and openly supported Cathars and their independent movement, so he was excommunicated in May 1207 and an interdict was placed on his lands.

Like Raymond of Toulouse, Raymond-Roger sought an accommodation with the crusaders, but he was refused a meeting and raced back to Carcassonne to prepare his defences.

Georges Clemenceau refused to be received because he feared that he might be received by his enemy, Raymond Poincaré.

In 1142 John Comnenus returned to the attack, but Raymond refused to recognize or renew his previous submission, and John, though he ravaged the neighborhood of Antioch, was unable to effect anything against him.

William of Tyre claims that Raymond seduced Eleanor to get revenge on her husband, who refused to aid him in his wars against the Saracens, and that " contrary to royal dignity, she disregarded her marriage vows and was unfaithful to her husband.

Raymond also refused to relinquish his control of the city to Bohemond, reminding Bohemond that he was obligated to return to Antioch and the court of Emperor Alexius, as he had sworn to do.

Raymond was offered the crown of the new Kingdom of Jerusalem, but refused, as he was reluctant to rule in the city in which Jesus had suffered.

On one occasion where he met with relatives of the hunger strike, he refused to meet the family of Bobby Sands, a MP for Fermanagh and South Tyrone and O / C of the Provisional IRA hunger strikers, and the first to die on this strike, along with the sister of Raymond McCreesh, who had died on 21 May.

According to the book Images in the Dark by Raymond Murray, Akerman refused to have her work ghettoized, and she denied the New York Gay Film Festival the right to screen Je tu il elle.

This charge was never proven, but Raymond refused to offer any assistance to the crusade, which ended in failure.

Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem was sent to mediate in 1181, with Raynald of Châtillon, Raymond III of Tripoli, Arnold of Torroja, and Roger des Moulins, but Bohemond refused to acquiesce, and expelled the mediators as well as a number of his own nobles.

Prince Raymond and his Christian neighbor Joscelin II of Edessa had been enemies since Raymond had refused to send a relief army to Edessa in 1146.

For their part, Raymond II of Tripoli and the regent, Melisende of Jerusalem refused to aid the Prince of Antioch.

After the France game, he tried to shake French coach Raymond Domenech's hand but the latter refused.