Reforms included the abolition of feudal restrictions on the sale of large landed estates, the reduction of the power of the guilds in the cities, and the introduction of a new, more efficient commercial law.

For about the next 10 years, the country saw a steady process of secular Westernization through Atatürk's Reforms, which included the unification of education ; the discontinuation of religious and other titles ; the closure of Islamic courts and the replacement of Islamic canon law with a secular civil code modeled after Switzerland's and a penal code modeled after the Italian Penal Code ; recognition of the equality between the sexes and the granting of full political rights to women on 5 December 1934 ; the language reform initiated by the newly founded Turkish Language Association ; replacement of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet with the new Turkish alphabet derived from the Latin alphabet ; the dress law ( the wearing of a fez, is outlawed ); the law on family names ; and many others.

Ottoman Reforms in Syria and Palestine 1840-1861: The Impact of Tanzimat on Politics and Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Reforms on the military structure would then start to ensure it would meet the requirements for a possible Cold War conflict.

Newkirk told an animal rights conference in 2002 that PETA's goal remains animal liberation: " Reforms move a society very importantly from A to B, from B to C, from C to D. It's very hard to take a nation or a world that is built on seeing animals as nothing more than hamburgers, handbags, cheap burglar alarms, tools for research, and move them from A to Z ..."

Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college's fellowships and scholarships, such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics.

Reforms implemented from 2005 are phasing out specific subsidies in favour of flat-rate payments based only on the area of land in cultivation, and for adopting environmentally beneficial farming methods.

This changed with the harsh Agrarian Reforms instituted by the government of Juan Velasco Alvarado in the late 1960s that had a devastating effect on the Peruvian Paso horse within Peru.

In the Annual Review for 1808 two articles of his are traced — a " Review of Fox's History ," and an article on " Bentham's Law Reforms ," probably his first published notice of Bentham.

Reforms based on various European states including Imperial Britain, Imperial Germany, and Switzerland were made so that it would become responsive to control from the central government, prepared for future conflicts, and develop refined command and support structures ; it led to the development of professional military thinkers and cadre.

Reforms included the abolition of death penalty, creation of a solidarity tax on wealth ( ISF ), introduction of proportional representation in legislative elections ( which was applied only at the 1986 election ), decentralization of the state ( 1982 – 83 laws ), repeal of price liberalization for books ( Lang Law of 1981 ), etc.

* Booknotes interview with Ravitch on Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, October 8, 2000.

The 1947 Report of the Committee of the Privy Council on the Proposed Reforms in the Channel Islands recommended ' that there should be no alteration in the present functions of the Bailiff '.

He followed up in 1909 with a volume of parliamentary speeches, În era reformelor (" In the Age of Reforms "), a book on the 1859 Moldo – Wallachian Union ( Unirea principatelor, " The Principalities ' Union "), and a critical edition of poems by Eminescu.

Reforms in was also made in the Swedish compulsory school based on what is called the LGR 11 as its new curriculum.

The regiment was formed as part of the Childers Reforms on July 1, 1881 by the amalgamation of the 38th and 80th regiments of foot, which became the regular 1st and 2nd Battalions of the regiment.

The practice started in 1683 during the reign of Charles II and continued until abolished on 1 November 1871, as part of the Cardwell Reforms.

Independence destroyed the old common market that existed under the Spanish Empire after the Bourbon Reforms and created an increased dependence on the financial investment provided by nations which had already begun to industrialize ; therefore, Western European powers, in particular Great Britain and France, and the United States began to play major roles, since the region became economically dependent on these nations.

* Inside the Campaign Finance Battle: Court Testimony on the New Reforms, co-editor with Anthony Corrado and Trevor Potter ( 2003 )

" Post Deng Reforms continued on this path which is acknowledged as a shift from the iron rice bowl to the porcelain rice bowl, or government owned to privatized.

He worked on several committees of the state and central government, including the Parliamentary Standing committee on Finance ; the Patents Committee ; the Planning Board ; the Resources Mobilization Committee ; the Taxation Reforms Committee, and the High Power Committee on Irrigation and Transport.

Reforms included changing the spelling by removing non-Roman letters such as ĉ and re-introducing the k / q dichotomy ; removing a couple of the more obscure phonemic contrasts ( one of which,, has been effectively removed from standard Esperanto ); ending the infinitives in-r and the plurals in-i like Italian ; eliminating adjectival agreement, and removing the need for the accusative case by setting up a fixed default word order ; reducing the amount of inherent gender in the vocabulary, providing a masculine suffix and an epicene third-person singular pronoun ; replacing the pronouns and correlatives with forms more similar to the Romance languages ; adding new roots where Esperanto uses the antonymic prefix mal -; replacing much of Esperanto's other regular derivation with separate roots, which are thought to be easier for Westerners to remember ; and replacing much of the Germanic and Slavic vocabulary with Romance forms, such as navo for English-derived ŝipo.

Nevertheless, they did not take place until Liberal governments enacted wide-ranging reforms ( the Cardwell Reforms and Childers Reforms ) from 1870 to 1881.

Reforms like those instituted by Bismarck were strongly opposed by conservative thinkers such as the very influential English philosopher and evolutionary theorist Herbert Spencer who argued that coddling the poor and unfit would simply allow them to reproduce and delay social progress.

Reforms such as The Caste Disabilities Removal Act, 1850, the Hindu Widows ' Remarriage Act, 1856, the Hindu Inheritance ( Removal of Disabilities ) Act, 1928, the Hindu law of Inheritance ( Amendment ) Act, 1929, the Hindu Gains of Learning Act, 1930, the Hindu Women's Right to Property Act, 1937, the Hindu Married Women's Right to separate Residence and Maintenance Act, 1946 were all enacted to give relief to those who are not content to abide by ancient shastras.

Reforms have thus allowed the village to grow without government subsidies due to its sufficient capital which has allowed the village, as village head Ito Kihei remarks, to offer, " places to enjoy ... such facilities as a mobile library, a swimming pool and a culture hall enriching the child-raising environment and assistance by making medical expenses free for children through junior high school.

Reforms such as English Spelling on One Page, Interspel, try to maximize this as a modification of the purely phonemic.

Reforms had been proposed in the 18th century, both by radicals such as John Wilkes and by more conservative politicians such as William Pitt the Younger.

Presently, the State partners with DFID, UNDP, UNICEF, IBRD, IFAD, ADF and some other International Development Agencies in pursuit of several development projects and programmes, particularly in the sphere of pro-poor growth, poverty reduction, education, and positive reform programmes such as Public Expenditure Management, Health Systems and Justice System Reforms.

William appears to have made this arrangement with Berno, the first abbot, to free the new monastery from such secular entanglements and initiate the Cluniac Reforms.

The period after World War I was marked by British reforms such as the Montagu – Chelmsford Reforms, but it also witnessed the enactment of the repressive Rowlatt Act and strident calls for self-rule by Indian activists.

The Rajasthan Land Reforms and Resumption of Jagirs Act, 1952 was the landmark in the legal history of land reforms in Rajasthan which was followed by Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 that became applicable to the whole of Rajasthan.

During this time in government, the Liberals are credited with the so-called Liberal Reforms, which saw the creation of a basic welfare state.

* KJ Hopt, ' The German Two-Tier Board: Experience, Theories, Reforms ' in KJ Hopt and others.

The vastly increasing demands of imperial expansion, and the inadequacies and inefficiencies of the underfunded, post-Napoleonic Wars British Army, and of the Militia, Yeomanry, and Volunteer Force, led to the Cardwell and Childers Reforms of the late 19th century, which gave the British Army its modern shape, and redefined its regimental system.

The Haldane Reforms of 1907, formally created the Territorial Force as the Army's volunteer reserve component.

Reforms are usually proposed by thinkers who aim to redress societal ills or institute societal changes, most often through a change in the education of the members of a class of people — the preparation of a ruling class to rule or a working class to work, the social hygiene of a lower or immigrant class, the preparation of citizens in a democracy or republic, etc.

By this document the Church gave up much of what had been claimed and subsequently attained by Pope Gregory VII and his Gregorian Reforms.

Of all the Gregorian Reforms which were embodied by Lateran I, celibacy of the clergy was the most successful.

Reforms included new laws of habeas corpus and amparo ( court-ordered protection ), the creation of a legislative human rights committee, and the establishment in 1987 of the Office of Human Rights Ombudsman.

Reforms that paved the way for multi-party democracy included the repeal of articles of the constitution, which had enshrined the leading role of the PAIGC.

Their seating was " disorderly and indiscriminate " until Augustus prescribed its arrangement in his Social Reforms.

In 107 BCE, the Marian Reforms established the Roman army as a professional body.

In the wake of the Cluniac Reforms, this involvement was increasingly seen as inappropriate by the Papacy.

Reforms, though, were carried out.

The new dynasty began a series of reforms throughout the empire ( the Bourbon Reforms ), designed to make administration more efficient and profitable, and to facilitate the defense of the colonies.

The reign of Robert II was quite important because it involved the Peace and Truce of God ( beginning in 989 ) and the Cluniac Reforms.

Reforms in training and gunnery were introduced to make good perceived deficiencies, which in part Tirpitz had counted upon to provide his ships with a margin of superiority.

In December 1934, a small group of nationalists — members of the newly formed Moroccan Action Committee ( Comité d ' Action Marocaine — CAM )— proposed a Plan of Reforms that called for a return to indirect rule as envisaged by the Treaty of Fès, admission of Moroccans to government positions, and establishment of representative councils.

Reforms similar to those proposed in the article were implemented in, for example, Chile in 1981 and Sweden in 1992.

The earliest dates to prehistoric or legendary pasts, from the time of Yūryaku ( r .? 456 –? 479 ) to those of the little documented Yōmei ( r. 585 – 587 ), Saimei ( r. 594 – 661 ), and finally Tenji ( r. 668 – 671 ) during the Taika Reforms and the time of Fujiwara no Kamatari ( 614 – 669 ).