:* Senator Quirinius appointed Legate of the Roman province of Syria ( to which Judea had been " added " according to Josephus though Ben-Sasson claims it was a " satellite of Syria " and not " legally part of Syria ") carries out a tax census of both Syria and Judea known as the Census of Quirinius.

After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus in 6 AD, Iudaea ( the conglomeration of Samaria, Judea and Idumea ) came under direct Roman administration with Coponius as prefect ; at the same time Quirinius was appointed Legate of Syria, with instructions to assess Iudea Province for taxation purposes.

In a Saturday, September 1, 2012 news release online in the daily Holy See Press Office Vatican Information Service ( VIS ) news bulletin, it was stated that Pope Benedict XVI had appointed Cardinal Sodano as the Legate for the consecration of the Cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Karaganda in Karaganda, Kazakhstan, scheduled for Sunday,

The most common form of Papal Legate today is the Apostolic Nuncio, whose task it is to strengthen relations between the Holy See and the Roman Catholic Church in a particular country and at the same time to act as the diplomatic representative of the Holy See to the government of that country.

* 6 Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus ; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration, capital at Caesarea, Quirinius became Legate ( Governor ) of Syria, conducted Census of Quirinius, opposed by Zealots ( JA18,, )

In the 2010 video game Fallout: New Vegas, it is reported that Legate Lanius, a high-ranking field commander in Caesar's Legion ( itself based upon the Roman Empire ), had one tenth of his unit killed by the other nine tenths.

Pharnaces had defeated Caesar's Legate Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, and his small Roman and allied army at the Battle of Nicopolis.

He also became a Papal Legate, arranging peace between the perpetually warring Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Francis I of France.

Quirinius became Legate ( Governor ) of Syria and conducted the first Roman tax census of Syria and Iudaea, which was opposed by the Zealots.

Throughout these proceedings, Roman legate Hilary repeatedly called for the reading of Leo's Tome of Leo's letter to the council, but was ignored.

In Orléans, one of the pre-eminent centres of classical studies, he read ancient Roman literature ( known simply as " the Authors ") with Hilary of Orléans, and learned mathematics (" especially Euclid ") with William of Soissons.

Pope Saint Hilarius ( also Hilarus, Hilary ) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 461 to 28 February 468.

* George Hilary Brown ( 1784 – 1856 ), English Roman Catholic Bishop of Liverpool, 1850 – 1856

He saw the smug eyes of the Home Army chief, Roman, and all the Romans and the faces of the peasants who held only hatred for him.

`` There had been a threesome at the party in the suite's bedroom: Miss Harrington ( this was Diane's choice for a Roman name ), another woman who has figured in other very interesting events and one of your well-known American actors.

Maria goes all out as a Druid princess who gets two-timed by a Roman big shot.

Harris dates studies of both to Classical Greece and Classical Rome, specifically, to Herodotus, often called the " father of history " and the Roman historian, Tacitus, who wrote many of our only surviving contemporary accounts of several ancient Celtic and Germanic peoples.

Protracted conflict through the seventeenth century with more radical Protestants on the one hand and Roman Catholics who still recognised the primacy of the Pope on the other, resulted in an association of churches that were both deliberately vague about doctrinal principles, yet bold in developing parameters of acceptable deviation.

* 70 – Jewish revolts against the Romans caused the Roman General Titus, later who became Caesar, to besiege the city.

Schweitzer concludes that the 1st century theology, originating in the lifetimes of those who first followed Jesus, is both incompatible with, and far removed from, those beliefs later made official by the Roman Emperor Constantine in 325 CE.

The Roman Catholic celebration is associated with the doctrine that the souls of the faithful who at death have not been cleansed from the temporal punishment due to venial sins and from attachment to mortal sins cannot immediately attain the beatific vision in heaven, and that they may be helped to do so by prayer and by the sacrifice of the Mass.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

* Adrian Goldsworthy ( born 1969 ), British historian and author who writes mostly about ancient Roman history

This was the derivation of Alemanni used by Edward Gibbon, in his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and by the anonymous contributor of notes assembled from the papers of Nicolas Fréret, published in 1753, who noted that it was the name used by outsiders for those who called themselves the Suevi.

When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus in September, Gallienus ' successor Claudius II Gothicus turned north to deal with the Alemanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the Po River.

A marriage of sorts is arranged between Dido and Aeneas at the instigation of Juno, who was told of the fact that her favorite city would eventually be defeated by the Trojans ' descendants, and Aeneas's mother Venus ( the Roman adaptation of Aphrodite ), who realizes that her son and his company need a temporary reprieve to reinforce themselves for the journey to come.

Agrippina became involved in a group of Roman Senators who opposed the growing power and influence of the notorious Praetorian Guard Lucius Aelius Sejanus.

Agrippina is regarded in ancient and modern historical sources as a Roman Matron with a reputation as a great woman, who had an excellent character and had outstanding Roman morals.

Also that year, Claudius had founded a Roman colony and called the colony Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis or Agrippinensium, today known as Cologne, after Agrippina who was born there.

Alaric's first appearance was as the leader of a mixed band of Goths and allied peoples who invaded Thrace in 391, who were stopped by the half-Vandal Roman General Stilicho.

The contemporary ecclesiastics recorded with wonder many instances of the Visigoths ' clemency: Christian churches saved from ravage ; protection granted to vast multitudes both of pagans and Christians who took refuge therein ; vessels of gold and silver which were found in a private dwelling, spared because they " belonged to St. Peter "; at least one case in which a beautiful Roman matron appealed, not in vain, to the better feelings of the Gothic soldier who attempted her dishonor.

Whether this was a wise policy or not, it caused the Roman legionaries to look down on their emperor as one who was prepared to commit unsoldierly conduct.

* Domitius Alexander, Roman usurper who declared himself emperor in 308

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

; Cardinal: In Roman Catholicism, a cardinal is a member of the clergy appointed by the pope to serve in the College of Cardinals, the body empowered to elect the pope ; however, on turning 80 a cardinal loses this right of election.

Gregory VII ( pope 1073 – 1085 ), too, simplified the liturgy as performed at the Roman court, and gave his abridgment the name of Breviary, which thus came to denote a work which from another point of view might be called a Plenary, involving as it did the collection of several works into one.

Pius V ( pope 1566 – 1572 ), however, while sanctioning those which could show at least 200 years of existence, made the Roman obligatory in all other places.

A well-known instance of the " John Cardinal Doe " style is that in the proclamation, in Latin, of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: " Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum ; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum ( first name ) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem ( last name ), ..." ( Meaning: " I announce to you a great joy ; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord ( first name ) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church ( last name ), ...")

In early times the privilege of papal election was not reserved to the cardinals, and for centuries the pope was customarily a Roman priest and never a bishop from elsewhere ; to preserve apostolic succession the rite of consecrating the pope as a bishop had to be performed by someone who was already a bishop.

The pope either decides the case himself or delegates the decision to another tribunal, usually one of the tribunals or congregations of the Roman Curia.

Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent ( at that time a free city of the Holy Roman Empire under a prince-bishop ), on December 13, 1545 ; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March, 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549.

In the Roman Church, positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person.

The Holy Roman Emperors of Ottonian Dynasty, when they came to the throne, believed they should have the power to appoint the pope.

The result was that, more often than not, bishops, abbots of monasteries, and even the pope were not independent, but resembled lackeys or sycophants of the crown of the Holy Roman Empire.

He named his own pope Antipope Clement III in the old manner of the Holy Roman Emperors.

* 457 – Majorian is crowned emperor of the Western Roman Empire and recognized by pope Leo I.

# The New Testament, in which the first pope, St. Peter, commands that all Christians shall honour the Roman Emperor (), even though, at that time, he was still a pagan emperor.

The importance and meaning of coronation ceremonies and regalia also varied within the tradition: for instance Holy Roman Emperors could only be crowned emperor by the pope, which meant the coronation ceremony usually took place in Rome, often several years after these emperors had ascended to the throne ( as " king ") in their home country.

Thus, despite widely held popular belief outside the Orthodox cultures, there is not one bishop at the head of the Orthodox Church ; references to the Patriarch of Constantinople as a leader equivalent or comparable to a pope in the Roman Catholic Church are mistaken.

Europe had come to expect an end to the Investiture controversy, and was not willing to return to the old days when the Holy Roman Emperor named the pope.

There the lay investiture of the clergy ( the practice of the king, especially the Holy Roman Emperor naming bishops and the pope ) was denounced as heretical.

Canons 2, 4 and 10 ended the practice of the Holy Roman Emperor naming bishops and the pope.

At the heart of the question was the ancient right of the Holy Roman Emperor to name the pope as well as bishops and priests.

This issue came to the fore in the first part of the eleventh century when Rome and the pope sought autonomy from the Holy Roman Emperor.