The empire controlled all of the Sahel from the borders of Darfur in the east to Hausaland to the west.

Historically it was the most widespread subspecies, ranging from Ethiopia and Sudan in the east throughout the Sahel to Senegal and Mauritania in the west, and north to Egypt and southern Morocco, respectively.

The range of the okapi is limited by high montane forests to the east, swamps to the south-east, swamp forests below 500 m to the west, savannas of the Sahel / Sudan to the north, and open woodlands to the south.

| 1 | Earlier came migrations from surrounding territories including the north, the east, and the Sahel region of Africa.

The Sahel covers parts of the territory of ( from west to east ) Northern part of Senegal, southern part of Mauritania, middle part of Mali, southern part of Algeria and Niger, middle part of Chad, southern part of Sudan, northern part of South Sudan and Eritrea.

The Sahel is from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east, in a belt that varies from several hundred to a thousand kilometers ( 620 miles ) in width, covering an area of.

The extreme east of the Sahel came under Italian control as Italian Eritrea in 1890.

In the north of the region lies the Sahel, a more arid Acacia savanna region which in turn borders the Sahara desert to the north, and the Ethiopian Highlands in the east ( called al-Ḥabašah in Arabic ).

It also breeds south of the Sahara from the Sahel region east to Somalia ; these birds are sometimes considered to be a separate species, African Scrub Robin ( C. minor ).

Darfur became a great power of the Sahel under the Keira dynasty, expanding its borders as far east as the Atbarah River and attracting immigrants from Bornu and Bagirmi.

* Far to the east, on Lake Chad, the state of Kanem-Bornu, founded as Kanem in the 9th century, now rose to greater preeminence in the central Sahel region.

The kéwel is distributed from Senegal and southern Mauritania across the Sahel, east to Ethiopia and Eritrea and south to Angola and the southern DRC.

In early twentieth century classification of African languages, Sudanic languages was a generic term for African languages spoken in the Sahel belt from Ethiopia in the east to Senegal in the west.

Other widely spoken Afroasiatic languages are Amharic, the national language of Ethiopia, with 18 million native speakers ; Somali, spoken by around 19 million people in Greater Somalia ; and Hausa, the dominant language of northern Nigeria and southern Niger, spoken by 18. 5 million people and used as a lingua franca in large parts of the Sahel, with some 25 million speakers in total.

The specter of famine recurred only in the early 1970s, when Ethiopia and the west African Sahel suffered drought and famine.

Recent examples include Sahel drought of the 1970s, Ethiopia in 1973 and mid-1980s, Sudan in the late-1970s and again in 1990 and 1998.

* Leptailurus serval brachyurus, West Africa, Sahel to Ethiopia

The African spurred tortoise is native to the Sahara Desert and the Sahel, a transitional ecoregion of semi-arid grasslands, savannas, and thorn shrublands found in the countries of Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal and Sudan In these arid regions the tortoise excavates burrows in the ground to get to areas with higher moisture levels spending the hottest part of the day in these burrows.

Ethiopia had never recovered from the previous great famine of the early 1970s, which was the result of a drought that affected most of the countries of the African Sahel.

The Eurasian race, C. c. coturnix, overwinters southwards in Africa's Sahel and India.

In and around Djerba lie lands continuing the Sahel.

Annual rainfall varies from around 200 mm in the north of the Sahel to around 600 mm in the south.

As the surrounding landscape is a large swathe of dry Sahel across Africa the swamp is also a haven for migrating animals, especially antelopes such as the endangered Nile Lechwe, Tiang, Reedbuck, and the world's largest population of White-eared Kob, estimated at around 1. 2 million – animal populations comparable to Tanzania's better-known Serengeti National Park.

Soninke people today live throughout West Africa, but remain centered around the former homelands of the Ghana Empire and the valley of the upper Senegal river and along the Mali-Senegal border between Nara and Nioro du Sahel.

Ksibet El Mediouni () is a small city located in the region of the Sahel in Tunisia around 10 km south Monastir.

The first major historically recorded drought in the Sahel occurred around 1640, and a major drought after generally wet conditions occurred, based on the reports of European travellers, during the 1680s.

In the Sahel, the species is observed on a more incidental basis in Cape Verde, the central Niger River delta in Mali and around Lake Chad.

Their overall coloration is – apparently plesiomorphically – shared in sub-Saharan Africa by the somewhat more distantly related Grey-backed Fiscal ( L. excubitoroides ) which is found from the Sahel eastwards, and Mackinnon's Fiscal ( L. mackinnoni ) of the Congo Basin region.

In 2012, the European Commission will focus its humanitarian aid on 36 countries, especially the Horn of Africa (€ 102 million ), North Sudan and South Sudan (€ 87 million ), Democratic Republic of Congo (€ 44 million ), the Occupied Palestinian Territories (€ 40 million ) and the Sahel (€ 45 million ).

The main ethno-linguistic divisions are Afro-Asiatic ( North Africa, Horn of Africa ), Niger – Congo ( including speakers from the Bantu branch ) in most of Sub-Saharan Africa, Nilo-Saharan in parts of the Sahara and the Sahel and parts of Eastern Africa, and Khoisan ( indigenous minorities of Southern Africa ).

The size of the lake is determined by rains in the southern highlands bordering the basin and by temperatures in the Sahel.

Some birds winter in milder regions of southern and western Europe, while others migrate to the Sahel, Nile basin and Great Lakes region in Africa, or to Arabia, the Indian subcontinent and Myanmar.

U. S. leadership in building food security in the Sahel after the 1968-74 drought has been successful in virtually eliminating famine, despite recurrent drought years.

Previous U. S. anti-terrorist engagement included training under the Pan Sahel Initiative.

During 2004 – 2007, U. S. Special Forces teams trained Tuareg units of the Nigerien Army in the Sahel region as part of the Trans-Sahara Counter-Terrorism Partnership.

The striped hyena's historical range encompasses Africa north of and including the Sahel zone, eastern Africa south into Tanzania, the Arabian Peninsula and the Middle East up to the Mediterranean shores, Turkey, Iraq, the Caucasus ( Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia ), Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan ( excluding the higher areas of Hindukush ) and the Indian Subcontinent.

Early issues of the New Internationalist included features on the Tan-Zam railway in Tanzania, interviews with President Kaunda of Zambia and Bishop Helder Camara in Brazil ; Vietnam, drought in the Sahel, and the legacy of Che Guevara.

Afroasiatic languages are spoken predominantly in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel.

Afroasiatic languages are today primarily spoken in the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahel.

Running along the south of desert is the plains region known as the Sahel.

Burkina Faso ( formerly Upper Volta ) is a landlocked Sahel country that shares borders with six nations.

Three climatic zones can be defined: the Sahel, the Sudan-Sahel, and the Sudan-Guinea.

The Sahel in the north typically receives less than 600 millimeters ( 23. 6 in ) of rainfall per year and has high temperatures, 5 – 47 degrees Celsius ( 41 – 116. 6 ° F ).

A relatively dry tropical savanna, the Sahel extends beyond the borders of Burkina Faso, from the Horn of Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, and borders the Sahara to its north and the fertile region of the Sudan to the South.

The semiarid sahelian zone, or Sahel, forms a belt about wide that runs from Lac and Chari-Baguirmi prefectures eastward through Guéra, Ouaddaï, and northern Salamat prefectures to the Sudanese frontier.

In the northern Sahel, thorny shrubs and acacia trees grow wild, while date palms, cereals, and garden crops are raised in scattered oases.

The central Sahel is characterized by drought-resistant grasses and small woods.

In the southern part of the Sahel, rainfall is sufficient to permit crop production on unirrigated land, and millet and sorghum are grown.

Chad has been an active champion of regional cooperation through the Central African Economic and Customs Union, the Lake Chad and Niger River Basin Commissions, and the Interstate Commission for the Fight Against the Drought in the Sahel.

During the late 1770s and the early 19th century, the Fulani, a pastoral Islamic people of the western Sahel, conquered most of what is now northern Cameroon, subjugating or displacing its largely non-Muslim inhabitants.

That with a greater influence of African species due to its geographical location near the African mainland of the Sahel.

* Northern-most point – the point at which the border with Mali enters the Bagoé river, Savanes Region, the Sahel.

Habitat destruction has hurt the giraffe, too: in the Sahel, the need for firewood and grazing room for livestock has led to deforestation.

Crossing the Maghreb and the Sahel, a major center of Muslim culture was Timbuktu.

In the steppes and savannahs of the Sahara and Sahel, the Nilo-Saharan speakers started to collect and domesticate wild millet and sorghum between 8000 and 6000 BCE.